Savadi Siddanna, Mohan Gokul, Manoj K, Manuel Manju, Muralidhara B M, Mog Babli, Adiga Jamboor Dinakara
ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research (DCR), Puttur, Karnataka, 574 202, India.
ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 089, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Dec 5;52(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-10131-5.
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a widely cultivated tree with great economic significance. In cashew, several elite cultivars have been developed for commercial cultivation, which form the underpinning for the cashew-based industries and the several billion-dollar world trade. However, frequently the genetic purity of the planting material is not maintained, resulting in great economic losses. Therefore, there is a need to develop a reliable method for the identification of cultivars to avoid economic losses to the cultivators and the protection of cultivars by the breeders.
In this study, 35 new microsatellite/simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, and a set of 20 highly polymorphic and reproducible markers were used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis in 32 cashew cultivars. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of newly developed markers varied from 0.19 to 0.67, with an average of 0.44. The probability of identifying any two genotypes with identical fingerprints using the 20 SSR markers used for fingerprinting here in cashew cultivars was less than 2.8 × 10. Of the set of 20 markers, eight were sufficient for uniquely fingerprinting all the cultivars. Genetic diversity analysis by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method grouped 32 cultivars into three main clusters, and the grouping had no relationship to the geographic regions or the pedigree.
The findings of this study are useful for the conservation and protection of cultivars under the PVP Act for ensuring the trading of quality planting material and are also useful for cashew breeding programs.
腰果（Anacardium occidentale L.）是一种广泛种植且具有重要经济意义的树木。在腰果种植中，已培育出多个优良品种用于商业种植，这些品种构成了腰果产业及数十亿美元世界贸易的基础。然而，种植材料的遗传纯度常常无法保持，导致巨大的经济损失。因此，需要开发一种可靠的品种鉴定方法，以避免种植者遭受经济损失，并保护育种者培育的品种。
在本研究中，开发了35个新的微卫星/简单序列重复（SSR）标记，并使用一组20个高度多态性且可重复的标记对32个腰果品种进行DNA指纹图谱分析和遗传多样性分析。新开发标记的多态信息含量（PIC）在0.19至0.67之间，平均为0.44。使用此处用于腰果品种指纹图谱分析的20个SSR标记识别任何两个具有相同指纹的基因型的概率小于2.8×10。在这20个标记中，8个标记足以对所有品种进行独特的指纹图谱分析。通过邻接法（NJ）进行的遗传多样性分析将32个品种分为三个主要聚类，且该分组与地理区域或系谱无关。
本研究结果对于根据《植物品种保护法》保护品种以确保优质种植材料的交易很有用，并且对腰果育种计划也很有用。
