Sukhikh Stanislav, Popov Vladimir, Kashinskikh Egor, Budenkova Ekaterina, Ivanova Svetlana, Babich Olga
Sec "Applied Biotechnologies", Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia, 236040.
Scientific Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Region, Russia, 354340.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 5;14(1):30365. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81452-5.
Cyanobacteria are most abundant in aquatic systems and can grow in freshwater, saline or brackish water, and cold/hot springs. Cyanobacteria have attracted considerable research attention in the last decade as a potential source of numerous biological products in large quantities, such as biofuels, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, nutraceuticals, enzymes, and polysaccharides. Unlike most plant and fungal polysaccharides, the chemical composition, immunomodulatory activity, and molecular mechanisms of action of Cyanobacterium sp. Rippka B-1200 polysaccharides have been studied much less. The complexity of their primary structure due to the high variability of monosaccharides, their diverse bonds, the presence of substituents and high viscosity made detailed structural studies of cyanobacterial polysaccharides rare, which determines the need for analysis of cyanobacteria biomass components to identify active metabolites with promising biological activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides from Cyanobacterium sp. Rippka B-1200. Pharmacological and nutraceutical value of Cyanobacterium sp. Rippka B-1200 has been set, defining our study's scientific novelty. As a result, the molecular weight of immunoactive polysaccharide (6.0-8.0 kDa) was determined. The analysis shows that endopolysaccharide samples at a concentration of 300 mg/kg showed no significant immunomodulatory effect (1.60 ± 0.15 mg/g), and the thymus mass index of animals in the experimental group was comparable to that of the control group in which animals were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (1.15 ± 0.24 mg/g). When exopolysaccharide samples were used at a concentration of 600 mg/kg, the thymus mass index of animals in the experimental group (3.60 ± 0.32 mg/g) was statistically comparable to that of the control group (without polysaccharide) in which immunosuppression was not induced (thymus index was 3.70 ± 0.25 mg/g). It was found that endopolysaccharide samples at a concentration of 600 mg/kg also exhibited high immunomodulatory activity. When Cyanobacterium sp. Rippka B-1200 endopolysaccharide samples were used, no internal organ changes were observed in experimental animals after immunosuppression. The empirical results presented in the study may find application in the development of both pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
蓝藻细菌在水生系统中最为丰富，可在淡水、咸水或微咸水以及冷/温泉中生长。在过去十年中，蓝藻细菌作为大量生物产品的潜在来源，如生物燃料、色素、多不饱和脂肪酸、营养保健品、酶和多糖，已引起了相当多的研究关注。与大多数植物和真菌多糖不同，对蓝藻细菌Rippka B - 1200多糖的化学成分、免疫调节活性和分子作用机制的研究要少得多。由于单糖的高度变异性、多样的键、取代基的存在以及高粘度，其一级结构的复杂性使得对蓝藻细菌多糖的详细结构研究很少见，这决定了需要分析蓝藻细菌生物质成分以鉴定具有潜在生物活性的活性代谢物。本研究的目的是研究蓝藻细菌Rippka B - 1200多糖的免疫调节特性。蓝藻细菌Rippka B - 1200的药理和营养保健价值已经确定，这界定了我们研究的科学新颖性。结果，确定了免疫活性多糖的分子量（6.0 - 8.0 kDa）。分析表明，浓度为300 mg/kg的胞内多糖样品未显示出显著的免疫调节作用（1.60±0.15 mg/g），实验组动物的胸腺质量指数与用环磷酰胺免疫抑制的对照组动物相当（1.15±0.24 mg/g）。当胞外多糖样品以600 mg/kg的浓度使用时，实验组动物的胸腺质量指数（3.60±0.32 mg/g）与未诱导免疫抑制的对照组（无多糖）在统计学上相当（胸腺指数为3.70±0.25 mg/g）。发现浓度为600 mg/kg的胞内多糖样品也表现出高免疫调节活性。当使用蓝藻细菌Rippka B - 1200胞内多糖样品时，免疫抑制后实验动物未观察到内脏器官变化。该研究中呈现的实验结果可能在药品和化妆品的开发中得到应用。
