Sohm Cynthia, Steiner Janina, Jöbstl Julia, Wittek Thomas, Firth Clair, Steinparzer Romana, Desvars-Larrive Amélie
VetFarm, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 13, 2563 Pottenstein, Austria.
Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
One Health. 2023 Jul 27;17:100608. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100608. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which is globally distributed and represents a classic One Health issue that demands a comprehensive understanding of the hosts, transmission paths, and risk factors of transmission. Bovine leptospirosis often results in economic losses through its severe impact on reproduction performance while it threatens human health at human-cattle-environment interfaces. However, a clear analysis of the disease characteristics in European cattle is currently lacking. The objective of this review was to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis in Europe. We conducted a systematic literature review, screening four electronic databases, and filtered articles published between 2001 and 2021, in English, German, and French. Sixty-two articles were ultimately included in the review. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle was remarkably variable among studies, probably reflecting local variations but also heterogeneity in the study designs, laboratory methods, and sample sizes. Risk factors positively associated with the disease were diverse, related to local, environmental, and climatic parameters as well as farming practices. The most reported circulating serogroups in European cattle were Sejroe (58.5%), Australis (41.5%), Grippotyphosa (41.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (37.7%), and Pomona (26.4%), which have also been associated with human infections worldwide. Abortion (58.6%) and fertility disorders (24.1%) were the most frequently reported signs of leptospirosis in European cattle and were generally associated with chronic infections. This work highlights several research gaps, including a lack of harmonisation in diagnostic methods, a lack of large-scale studies, and a lack of molecular investigations. Given that predictions regarding the climatic suitability for leptospirosis in Europe suggest an increase of leptospirosis risk it is important to raise awareness among stakeholders and motivate an integrated One Health approach to the prevention and control of this zoonotic disease in cattle and humans.
钩端螺旋体病是一种人畜共患病，全球均有分布，是典型的“同一健康”问题，需要全面了解宿主、传播途径和传播风险因素。牛钩端螺旋体病常因其对繁殖性能的严重影响而导致经济损失，同时在人-牛-环境界面威胁人类健康。然而，目前尚缺乏对欧洲牛群疾病特征的清晰分析。本综述的目的是总结欧洲牛钩端螺旋体病流行病学的现有知识。我们进行了一项系统的文献综述，筛选了四个电子数据库，并筛选了2001年至2021年间以英文、德文和法文发表的文章。最终有62篇文章纳入综述。牛钩端螺旋体病的血清阳性率在不同研究中差异显著，这可能反映了局部差异，但也反映了研究设计、实验室方法和样本量的异质性。与该病呈正相关的风险因素多种多样，与当地、环境和气候参数以及养殖方式有关。欧洲牛群中最常报告的流行血清群是赛罗群（58.5%）、澳大利亚群（41.5%）、波摩那群（41.5%）、出血性黄疸群（37.7%）和波蒙那群（26.4%），这些血清群在全球范围内也与人类感染有关。流产（58.6%）和繁殖障碍（24.1%）是欧洲牛钩端螺旋体病最常报告的症状，通常与慢性感染有关。这项工作突出了几个研究空白，包括诊断方法缺乏统一、缺乏大规模研究以及缺乏分子研究。鉴于有关欧洲钩端螺旋体病气候适宜性的预测表明该病风险增加，提高利益相关者的认识并推动采取综合的“同一健康”方法来预防和控制牛和人类的这种人畜共患病非常重要。
