Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.
Regional Centre of Wakwa, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2021 Nov;68(7):781-793. doi: 10.1111/zph.12865. Epub 2021 Jun 15.
Previous work identified that bacterial zoonoses (Brucella species, Coxiella burnetii and Leptospira hardjo) were present in Cameroonian pastoral cattle. To assess the characteristics of this zoonotic risk, we analyse seroprevalence of each pathogen and the associated management, herd and environmental factors in Cameroonian pastoral and dairy cattle. Cross-sectional samples included pastoralist herds in the Northwest Region (NWR n = 750) and Vina Division (VD n = 748) and small holder dairy herds in the NWR (n = 60). Exposure to Brucella spp., C. burnetii and L. hardjo were screened for using commercial ELISAs and population adjusted estimates made. In addition, individual, herd and ecological metadata were collected and used to identify risk factors associated with animal-level seropositivity. In the pastoral cattle, seroprevalence to Brucella spp. was relatively low but was higher in the NWR (4.2%, CI: 2.5%-7.0%) than the VD (1.1%: CI 0.5%-2.4%), while L. hardjo seroprevalence was much higher though similar in the NWR (30.7%, CI 26.3%-35.5%) and VD (35.9%, CI 31.3%-40.7%). No differences were noted in C. burnetii seroprevalence between the two study sites (NWR: 14.6%, CI 11.8%-18.0%. VD: 12.4%, 9.6%-15.9%). Compared to pastoral, dairy cattle had lower seroprevalences for L. hardjo (1.7%, CI: 0.0%-4.9%), C. burnetii (0.0%, CI 0.0%-6.0%) but similar for Brucella spp. (5.0%, CI 0.0%-10.6%). Increased odds of Brucella spp. seropositivity were associated with owning sheep or rearing sheep and fencing cattle in at night. Adult cattle had increased odds of being seropositive for both C. burnetii and L. hardjo. Additionally, exposure to C. burnetii was associated with local ecological conditions and L. hardjo was negatively associated with cattle undertaking transhumance. This work highlights that exposure to these 3 important production diseases and occupational zoonoses are widespread in Cameroonian cattle. Further work is required to understand transmission dynamics between humans and livestock to inform implementation of effective control measures.
先前的工作已经确定，布氏杆菌属物种、柯克斯体和钩端螺旋体硬蜱等细菌人畜共患病存在于喀麦隆的牧牛中。为了评估这种人畜共患病风险的特征，我们分析了每种病原体的血清流行率以及喀麦隆牧牛和奶牛的相关管理、畜群和环境因素。横断面样本包括西北区（NWR，n=750）和 Vina 分区（VD，n=748）的牧民畜群以及 NWR 的小农户奶牛畜群（n=60）。使用商业 ELISA 检测布鲁氏菌病、贝氏柯克斯体和钩端螺旋体的暴露情况，并进行人群调整后的估计。此外，还收集了个体、畜群和生态元数据，并用于确定与动物水平血清阳性相关的危险因素。在牧牛中，布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率相对较低，但在 NWR（4.2%，95%CI：2.5%-7.0%）高于 VD（1.1%，95%CI：0.5%-2.4%），而钩端螺旋体病的血清流行率则高得多，在 NWR（30.7%，95%CI：26.3%-35.5%）和 VD（35.9%，95%CI：31.3%-40.7%）相似。两个研究地点的贝氏柯克斯体血清流行率没有差异（NWR：14.6%，95%CI：11.8%-18.0%。VD：12.4%，95%CI：9.6%-15.9%）。与牧牛相比，奶牛的钩端螺旋体病（0.0%，95%CI：0.0%-6.0%）和贝氏柯克斯体病（0.0%，95%CI：0.0%-6.0%）的血清流行率较低，但布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率相似（5.0%，95%CI：0.0%-10.6%）。布鲁氏菌病血清阳性与拥有绵羊或夜间圈养绵羊和牛有关。成年牛感染贝氏柯克斯体和钩端螺旋体的可能性增加。此外，接触贝氏柯克斯体与当地生态条件有关，而钩端螺旋体病与牛进行迁徙有关。这项工作强调了这些 3 种重要的生产性疾病和职业性人畜共患病在喀麦隆牛中的广泛存在。需要进一步研究以了解人类和牲畜之间的传播动态，为实施有效的控制措施提供信息。
