Rizvi Syed Naheel Raza, Sufian Md Abu, Hussain Niamat, Chun Yangbae, Park Seong-Gyoon, Kim Sunggoo, Kim Nam
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 12;10(20):e39228. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39228. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
Vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) is facilitated by efficient RF front ends with suppressed mutual coupling for enhanced spatial diversity and increased channel capacity. This paper presents a mutual coupling suppressed MIMO antenna with a hybrid decoupling technique for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, enabling IoT in automotive systems. The single elements consist of a radiating patch with a cleaving circular slot to introduce a capacitive effect on the radiating structure. Afterwards, the single-unit design is further extrapolated to a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna. The mutual coupling is suppressed between antenna elements by introducing a quasi-fractal parasitic element and a defected ground structure (DGS). The MIMO antenna is designed to conform to the requirements posed by V2X systems in Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Intelligent transportation system (ITS) scenarios. The proposed MIMO antenna offers measured |S| < -10 dB of 200 MHz, ranging from 5.77 GHz to 5.97 GHz, fully covering the spectrum guided by the IEEE 802.11p standard. A physical prototype is fabricated and placed on a car roof to assess the congruency between measured and simulated results. The MIMO antenna exhibits exceptional diversity properties, such as enhanced isolation (>28 dB) between its individual elements, a diversity gain (DG) close to the ideal value of 10 dB (9.99 dB), peak realized gain of 6.5 dBi, an ECC below 0.001, and a beam coverage area of 180° in azimuthal and elevation plane by dynamic port switching. Thus, the proposed MIMO antenna module is a considerable candidate for future V2X communication paradigms.
车辆物联网（IoT）由高效的射频前端推动，该前端具有抑制互耦功能，以增强空间分集并增加信道容量。本文提出了一种采用混合去耦技术的互耦抑制MIMO天线，用于车对万物（V2X）通信，实现汽车系统中的物联网。单个元件由带有切割圆形缝隙的辐射贴片组成，以在辐射结构上引入电容效应。之后，将单单元设计进一步扩展为2×2 MIMO天线。通过引入准分形寄生元件和缺陷接地结构（DGS）来抑制天线元件之间的互耦。该MIMO天线的设计符合专用短程通信（DSRC）和智能交通系统（ITS）场景中V2X系统提出的要求。所提出的MIMO天线在5.77 GHz至5.97 GHz范围内的200 MHz频段测得的|S| < -10 dB，完全覆盖了IEEE 802.11p标准规定的频谱。制作了一个物理原型并放置在汽车车顶上，以评估测量结果与模拟结果之间的一致性。该MIMO天线具有出色的分集特性，例如其单个元件之间增强的隔离度（>28 dB）、接近理想值10 dB（9.99 dB）的分集增益（DG）、6.5 dBi的峰值实现增益、低于0.001的ECC以及通过动态端口切换在方位平面和仰角平面上180°的波束覆盖区域。因此，所提出的MIMO天线模块是未来V2X通信范式的一个相当不错的候选方案。
