Ameen Ayman A, Panda Abinash, Mehaney Ahmed, Tlija Mehdi, Bellucci Stefano, Abukhadra Mostafa R, Elsayed Hussein A
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 9;10(20):e39122. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39122. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
This research exhibits a new configuration of photonic crystals known as annular photonic crystals (APCs) for real-time detection of calcium carbonate (CaCO) scale in the water pipeline. The proposed sensor features a circular arrangement of porous silicon materials with varying levels of porosity. A central defect layer is incorporated into the design to capture the target analyte, allowing it to detect changes in the refractive index caused by scale formation. To analyze the reflectance spectrum of this structure, a modified transfer matrix method is utilized. An extensive optimization process is conducted based on the characteristics of the defect mode, focusing on various geometric parameters, including layer thickness, porosity levels, core circle radius, and structural periodicity, to achieve optimal sensor performance. The simulation outcomes revealed that at the optimized structure parameters, the sensor offers a remarkable QF, sensitivity, and FoM of 1215, 176.85 nm/RIU, and 350.5 1/RIU, respectively. Moreover, the proposed structure is simple, cost-effective, and compact, which makes it an ideal candidate for the detection of calcium carbonate scales formed in pipes and devices in water supply networks.
本研究展示了一种新型的光子晶体结构，即环形光子晶体（APC），用于实时检测输水管道中的碳酸钙（CaCO₃）水垢。所提出的传感器具有由不同孔隙率的多孔硅材料组成的圆形排列结构。设计中加入了一个中心缺陷层以捕获目标分析物，使其能够检测水垢形成所引起的折射率变化。为了分析该结构的反射光谱，采用了改进的传输矩阵法。基于缺陷模式的特性，针对包括层厚度、孔隙率水平、芯圆半径和结构周期性在内的各种几何参数进行了广泛的优化过程，以实现最佳的传感器性能。模拟结果表明，在优化的结构参数下，该传感器分别具有1215、176.85 nm/RIU和350.5 1/RIU的显著品质因数（QF）、灵敏度和优值（FoM）。此外，所提出的结构简单、经济高效且紧凑，这使其成为检测供水网络中管道和设备中形成的碳酸钙水垢的理想候选方案。
