Bansal Pushkar, Roitman Mitchell F, Jung Erica E
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Brain Behav. 2024 Dec;14(12):e70173. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70173.
Amphetamine (AMPH) increases locomotor activities in animals, and the locomotor response to AMPH is further modulated by caloric deficits such as food deprivation and restriction. The increment in locomotor activity regulated by AMPH-caloric deficit concomitance can be further modulated by varying feeding schedules (e.g., acute and chronic food deprivation and acute feeding after chronic food deprivation). However, the effects of different feeding schedules on AMPH-induced locomotor activity are yet to be explicated. Here, we have explored the stimulatory responses of acutely administered D-amphetamine in locomotion under systematically varying feeding states (fed/sated and food deprivation) and schedules (chronic and acute) in zebrafish larvae.
We exposed wild-type and transgenic [Tg(mnx1:GCaMP5)] zebrafish larvae to 0.7 µM concentration of AMPH and measured swimming activity and spinal motor neuron activity in vivo in real time. The analysis involved time-elapsed and cumulative manner pre- and post-AMPH treatment in four different caloric states including acute and chronic schedules of feeding and hunger. Both locomotor and motor neuron activities were compared in all four states in both fish lines.
Our results show that locomotion and motor neuron activity increased in both chronic and acute food deprivation post-AMPH treatment cumulatively. A steady increase in locomotion was observed in acute food deprivation compared to an immediate abrupt increase in chronic food-deprivation state. The ad libitum-fed larvae exhibited a moderate increase both in locomotion and motor neuron activity. Conversely to all other caloric states, food-sated (acute feeding after chronic food deprivation) larvae moved moderately less and exhibited a mild decrease in motor neuron activity after AMPH treatment.
These results reveal the importance of cohesive effects of feeding schedule and AMPH treatment by revealing the changes in stimulatory characteristics of AMPH on locomotion and motor neuron activity in acute and chronic feeding states.
苯丙胺（AMPH）可增加动物的运动活性，而热量不足（如食物剥夺和限制）会进一步调节对AMPH的运动反应。由AMPH与热量不足共同作用所调节的运动活性增加，可通过改变喂食时间表（如急性和慢性食物剥夺以及慢性食物剥夺后的急性喂食）进一步调节。然而，不同喂食时间表对AMPH诱导的运动活性的影响尚未阐明。在此，我们探讨了在斑马鱼幼体中，在系统变化的喂食状态（喂食/饱腹和食物剥夺）和时间表（慢性和急性）下，急性给予D-苯丙胺对运动的刺激反应。
我们将野生型和转基因[Tg(mnx1:GCaMP5)]斑马鱼幼体暴露于0.7µM浓度的AMPH中，并实时测量其体内的游泳活性和脊髓运动神经元活性。分析涉及在四种不同热量状态下（包括急性和慢性喂食及饥饿时间表）AMPH处理前后的时间推移和累积方式。在两种鱼系的所有四种状态下比较运动和运动神经元活性。
我们的结果表明，在AMPH处理后，慢性和急性食物剥夺状态下的运动和运动神经元活性均累积增加。与慢性食物剥夺状态下的立即突然增加相比，急性食物剥夺状态下观察到运动稳步增加。随意喂食的幼体在运动和运动神经元活性方面均有适度增加。与所有其他热量状态相反，食物饱腹（慢性食物剥夺后的急性喂食）的幼体在AMPH处理后运动适度减少，运动神经元活性轻度降低。
这些结果通过揭示急性和慢性喂食状态下AMPH对运动和运动神经元活性的刺激特征变化，揭示了喂食时间表和AMPH处理的协同作用重要性。
