Li Zhen, Chen Fang, Liu Jun, Zhi Linyong, Junaid Muhammad, Chen Guanglong, Xiao Zhengzhong, Wang Jun, Chong Yunxiao
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Feb 15;484:136778. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136778. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
This study evaluated the role of probiotics in enhancing intestinal immunity and mitigating polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs)-induced toxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Grass carp were fed probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactococcus lactis) for two weeks before being exposed to PS-NPs for five days. Probiotic pretreatment alleviated PS-NPs-induced intestinal damage, with Bacillus velezensis and Lactococcus lactis groups showing milder vacuolation and villus breakage than other groups. Probiotic-treated fish exhibited transient increases in antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, MPO) and immune gene expression (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ2) shortly after exposure, followed by significant downregulation over time. Higher abundance of the gut dominant phylum Proteobacteria was observed in four probiotic groups exposed to PS-NPs than that in the blank control group. The Clostridium phylum showed a significant decrease in the abundance both in the LRS-PS100 and LLS-PS100 groups, while the abundance of the Thick-walled phylum increased. The Spearman correlation matrix revealed that specific gut microbiota, such as Serratia, Neisseria, and Lactococcus, were significantly associated with enzymatic activities and immune system related genes' expressions. Probiotic pretreatment enhanced the intestinal immune response of grass carp. However, this enhanced immune response was insufficient to counteract the toxic effects of PS-NPs exposure, particularly in terms of oxidative stress levels and gut microbial diversity. This study offers new insights into the potential of probiotics to combat NPs pollution in aquaculture. It emphasizes the need for further research to explore various probiotic combinations. Future studies should also investigate optimal dosages and durations to effectively mitigate the biological toxicity of NPs pollution.
本研究评估了益生菌在增强草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）肠道免疫力和减轻聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS-NPs）诱导的毒性方面的作用。在暴露于PS-NPs五天之前，草鱼先喂食益生菌（枯草芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌和乳酸乳球菌）两周。益生菌预处理减轻了PS-NPs诱导的肠道损伤，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和乳酸乳球菌组的空泡化和绒毛破损比其他组更轻。暴露后不久，经益生菌处理的鱼的抗氧化酶活性（CAT、SOD、MPO）和免疫基因表达（IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α和IFN-γ2）出现短暂增加，随后随时间显著下调。与空白对照组相比，暴露于PS-NPs的四个益生菌组中肠道优势菌门变形菌门的丰度更高。在LRS-PS100和LLS-PS100组中，梭菌门的丰度显著降低，而厚壁菌门的丰度增加。Spearman相关矩阵显示，特定肠道微生物群，如沙雷氏菌、奈瑟氏菌和乳球菌，与酶活性和免疫系统相关基因的表达显著相关。益生菌预处理增强了草鱼的肠道免疫反应。然而，这种增强的免疫反应不足以抵消暴露于PS-NPs的毒性作用，特别是在氧化应激水平和肠道微生物多样性方面。本研究为益生菌对抗水产养殖中纳米塑料污染的潜力提供了新的见解。它强调需要进一步研究以探索各种益生菌组合。未来的研究还应调查最佳剂量和持续时间，以有效减轻纳米塑料污染的生物毒性。
