Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric analysis of the Indonesian version of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), patient self-report section.

PURPOSE

To translate the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score into Indonesian and to assess its psychometric properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The ASES score was translated into Indonesian following the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Next, the validity and reliability of the Indonesia-ASES (I-ASES) were investigated. Patients with shoulder problems at a hospital in Indonesia who were willing to participate completed three questionnaires: the I-ASES, the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Participants were asked to complete the I-ASES a second time after a one-week interval. In adherence to COSMIN guidelines, we assessed construct validity using hypothesis testing, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, and measurement error. The Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate systematic bias.

RESULTS

The I-ASES showed good construct validity. No floor or ceiling effects were found. An ICC value of 0.82 was found, indicating a robust level of test-retest reliability. A Cronbach of 0.90 implied good internal consistency. Bland and Altman analysis showed no systematic bias. The standard error of measurement (SEM), the minimal detectable change at the individual level (MDC) and at the group level (MDC) were 2.3, 6.5, and 0.6, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The I-ASES shows good validity and reliability for evaluating shoulder problems in Indonesian-speaking patients and reveals comparable psychometric properties to those of the other languages version of ASES.Implications for rehabilitationThe Indonesian version of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (I-ASES) is now available.I-ASES demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity.I-ASES can be considered a valid and reliable questionnaire for use in Indonesian patients with shoulder problem.