Uchida K, Makino S, Akiyoshi T
Diabetes. 1985 Jan;34(1):79-83. doi: 10.2337/diab.34.1.79.
Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was examined in nonobese, spontaneously diabetic (NOD) female mice before and after the development of diabetes. After the development of glucosuria, the plasma and liver cholesterol levels, gallbladder bile weight after 5-h fasting, biliary cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acid concentrations, the lithogenic index, the pool size of bile acids, and fecal sterol excretion markedly increased, but fecal bile acid excretion and fractional turnover rates for the cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid groups decreased. The distribution percentage of bile acids in the small intestine did not change, but it increased in the gallbladder and decreased in the large intestine. One striking finding was a change in the bile acid composition: increases were recorded in cholic and deoxycholic acids while decreases occurred in bile acids derived from chenodeoxycholic acid, such as beta-muricholic and ursodeoxycholic acids in the bile and alpha-muricholic, beta-muricholic, omega-muricholic, and hyodeoxycholic acids in the feces. Therefore, the cholic acid group/chenodeoxycholic acid group (CA/CDCA) ratio increased in the bile, feces, and small and large intestines after the development of diabetes. These changes were very similar to those observed in alloxan-treated mice, suggesting that the changes found in NOD mice are caused by insulin deficiency.
在非肥胖、自发糖尿病（NOD）雌性小鼠糖尿病发生前后，对其胆固醇和胆汁酸代谢进行了检测。出现糖尿后，血浆和肝脏胆固醇水平、禁食5小时后的胆囊胆汁重量、胆汁中胆固醇、磷脂和胆汁酸浓度、成石指数、胆汁酸池大小以及粪便固醇排泄量显著增加，但粪便胆汁酸排泄以及胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸组的分数周转率降低。胆汁酸在小肠中的分布百分比没有变化，但在胆囊中增加，在大肠中减少。一个显著的发现是胆汁酸组成的变化：胆酸和脱氧胆酸增加，而源自鹅去氧胆酸的胆汁酸减少，如胆汁中的β中的β-鼠胆酸和熊去氧胆酸，以及粪便中的α-鼠胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、ω-鼠胆酸和猪去氧胆酸。因此，糖尿病发生后，胆汁、粪便以及小肠和大肠中的胆酸组/鹅去氧胆酸组（CA/CDCA）比值增加。这些变化与在四氧嘧啶处理的小鼠中观察到的变化非常相似，表明在NOD小鼠中发现的变化是由胰岛素缺乏引起的。
