Pham Thai H, Phan Ngoc T, Trinh Duy D, Duong Ha N, Tran Phuong T, Nguyen Khanh D, Reddy Gadi V P, Jung Chuleui, Joshi Neelendra K
Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; Department of Entomology, Agronomy Faculty, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Jan;113:104605. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104605. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
Beekeeping for honey production is a vital economic activity in Vietnam, significantly contributing to the nation's agricultural exports and poverty alleviation. However, the widespread use of pesticides, compounded by insufficient regulations, poses serious challenges to the industry and threatens bee health. This study examined the oral toxicities of five commonly used agricultural insecticides including bifenthrin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and chlorantraniliprole, on four honey bee species prevalent in Vietnam: the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), the European honey bee (A. mellifera), the giant honey bee (A. dorsata), and the red dwarf honey bee (A. florea). Our results indicated significant variability in toxicity among the pesticides and honey bee species, with the managed species A. cerana showing the highest tolerance across all tested insecticides. In contrast, the wild species A. dorsata and A. florea were significantly more sensitive. These findings highlight the need to develop a pesticide risk assessment and improve pesticide regulations that consider the impacts on a broader range of honey bee species beyond A. mellifera.
养蜂产蜜在越南是一项至关重要的经济活动，对该国的农产品出口和扶贫工作做出了重大贡献。然而，农药的广泛使用，加上监管不足，给该行业带来了严峻挑战，并威胁到蜜蜂的健康。本研究检测了五种常用农用杀虫剂，即联苯菊酯、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪和氯虫苯甲酰胺，对越南四种常见蜜蜂品种的经口毒性：亚洲蜜蜂（中华蜜蜂）、欧洲蜜蜂（西方蜜蜂）、大蜜蜂和黑小蜜蜂。我们的结果表明，杀虫剂和蜜蜂品种之间的毒性存在显著差异，人工养殖的中华蜜蜂在所有测试杀虫剂中表现出最高的耐受性。相比之下，野生的大蜜蜂和黑小蜜蜂则明显更敏感。这些发现凸显了开展农药风险评估以及改进农药监管的必要性，这些监管应考虑对西方蜜蜂以外更广泛蜜蜂品种的影响。
