Wang Jingjing, Lv Lu, An Xuehua, Zhang Chunrong, Tang Tao, Sun Yangying, Wang Feidi
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 1;366:125478. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125478. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
Soil is an important sink for microplastics (MPs) and pesticides. MPs can act as carriers for pesticides, thus induce direct and indirect effects on soil organisms. Fluindapyr (FIP), a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors fungicides (SDHIs), may pose a serious threat to earthworms. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of joint exposure to MPs and FIP. Here, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were jointly exposed to PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) and PS (polystyrene) MPs of different sizes (0.1, 1 and 10 μm) along with FIP for 28-day to investigate the toxic effects of single and joint exposure of FIP and MPs on earthworms. The results showed that joint exposure to 0.1 and 1 μm MP promoted the accumulation of FIP in earthworms at the beginning of the experiment compared to the sole group, but the elimination of FIP from earthworms accelerated after 14 d. In addition, the joint exposure caused more serious damages to the epidermis and intestine of earthworms and increased the severity of oxidative stress. The effects of joint exposure to FIP and MPs depended on the size of the MPs, and the strongest effects were observed in the treatment with the smallest size. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the joint exposure to MPs and FIP didn't cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the sole 0.1 μm PS significantly altered the community diversity and richness of earthworm gut bacteria, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was significantly changed. The obtained results inferred that MPs could influence environmental and toxicological behaviors of FIP and may provide data support for the risk assessments of MPs and FIP on soil ecosystems.
土壤是微塑料（MPs）和农药的重要汇。微塑料可作为农药的载体，从而对土壤生物产生直接和间接影响。氟吡菌酰胺（FIP）是一种新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂（SDHIs），可能对蚯蚓构成严重威胁。然而，很少有研究评估微塑料和氟吡菌酰胺联合暴露的影响。在此，将蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）与氟吡菌酰胺一起联合暴露于不同大小（0.1、1和10μm）的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和聚苯乙烯（PS）微塑料中28天，以研究氟吡菌酰胺和微塑料单一及联合暴露对蚯蚓的毒性作用。结果表明，与单独暴露组相比，在实验开始时，联合暴露于0.1和1μm的微塑料促进了氟吡菌酰胺在蚯蚓体内的积累，但14天后蚯蚓体内氟吡菌酰胺的消除加速。此外，联合暴露对蚯蚓的表皮和肠道造成了更严重的损伤，并增加了氧化应激的严重程度。氟吡菌酰胺和微塑料联合暴露的影响取决于微塑料的大小，在最小尺寸的处理中观察到最强的影响。16S rRNA测序结果表明，微塑料和氟吡菌酰胺联合暴露未导致肠道微生物群失调。然而，单独暴露于0.1μm的PS显著改变了蚯蚓肠道细菌的群落多样性和丰富度，变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度发生了显著变化。所得结果推断，微塑料可能影响氟吡菌酰胺的环境和毒理行为，并可能为微塑料和氟吡菌酰胺对土壤生态系统的风险评估提供数据支持。
