Kurz Eva-Maria, Schreiber Clara Marie, Kölle Konstantin, Tunçel Zeynep, Meyer Paula Theresa, Ngo-Dehning Hong-Viet V, Conzelmann Annette, Prehn-Kristensen Alexander
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Aug;34(4):e14432. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14432. Epub 2024 Dec 8.
Children and adults have been shown to benefit from sleep with regard to the consolidation of declarative memories. Especially during childhood, the generalisation of information from social and non-social contexts is important for adaptable behaviour in new situations and might show specific features in children. Here, we investigated whether adults (n = 18) and children (n = 19) differ in their generalisation of features assessed in wake and sleep conditions. In a social paradigm, certain face features were associated with different types of offers (fair, unfair, friendly). While children tended to better recognise these faces, adults were better than children at associating the type of offer to unknown faces sharing these features with the previously encoded faces in the sleep condition. To assess generalisation of features in a non-social context, a probabilistic evaluative conditioning paradigm was used, where stimuli were associated with positive or negative values. We found no difference between children and adults or between the sleep and wake condition in the change in evaluation of the conditioned stimuli when paired congruently with a predefined value (positive/negative). Together, our results suggest a differential feature generalisation from mainly social contexts in children compared with adults.
研究表明，儿童和成年人在睡眠中巩固陈述性记忆方面均能获益。尤其是在童年时期，从社会和非社会情境中归纳信息对于在新情境中适应性行为很重要，并且可能在儿童中表现出特定特征。在此，我们研究了成年人（n = 18）和儿童（n = 19）在清醒和睡眠状态下对所评估特征的归纳是否存在差异。在一个社会范式中，某些面部特征与不同类型的提议（公平、不公平、友好）相关联。虽然儿童往往能更好地识别这些面孔，但在睡眠状态下，成年人在将提议类型与具有这些特征的未知面孔（与之前编码的面孔）进行关联方面比儿童更胜一筹。为了评估在非社会情境中特征的归纳，我们使用了概率性评价性条件作用范式，其中刺激与正性或负性价值相关联。当条件刺激与预定义值（正性/负性）一致配对时，我们发现儿童和成年人之间以及睡眠和清醒状态之间在条件刺激评价变化方面没有差异。总体而言，我们的结果表明，与成年人相比，儿童主要从社会情境中进行特征归纳的方式有所不同。
