Pathogenicity and virulence of : What do we really know?

is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern worldwide. Despite its importance, our understanding of how causes diarrhoea and interacts with its hosts is limited due to the absence of appropriate infection models and established virulence factors found in other enteric pathogens. Additionally, despite its genetic diversity, non-pathogenic strains are unknown. Regardless of these limitations, significant progress has been made in understanding how uses a complex array of factors which aid the bacterium to survive and respond to host defences. This review provides an update on fitness and virulence determinants of this important pathogen and questions our knowledge on these determinants that are often based on inferred genomics knowledge and surrogate infection models.