Mahmood Faiza, Hetland Geir, Mirlashari Mohammad Reza, Nissen-Meyer Lise Sofie Haug
Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Immunol. 2025 Jan;101(1):e13425. doi: 10.1111/sji.13425.
Allergen-specific immunoglobulin-E (As-IgE) in blood donors (BD) can be transferred to transfusion recipients via plasma-containing blood components (PCBC) and sensitize recipient's mast cells. These cells can activate upon allergen exposure and cause allergy. This study aimed to assess sensitization profiles against an array of allergens in BD to identify donors with As-IgE and explore if this IgE can lead to allergic symptoms in recipients. Furthermore IgE sensitization was characterized in donors of PCBC that were associated with allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) in recipients. Serum samples from 300 randomly selected BD (RSBD) and 40 BD selected following 26 ATRs in patients transfused with PCBC from these donors were collected. IgE sensitization was tested by a line-blot enzyme-immunoassay and an ELISA-based IgE multiplex assay. Thirty-eight per cent of the RSBD had IgE to one or several allergens. High IgE levels with a potential to transfer to recipients of PCBC were also detected in some BD. Investigation of 2/3 of the PCBC from sensitized RSBD revealed no reports of ATR in recipients. IgE testing of donors associated with an ATR showed sensitization in 65% of the cases. We conclude that IgE testing of BD can reveal sensitization to different allergens, even though persons with severe allergies are not accepted as BD. The sensitization frequency appears higher in BD of PCBC that led to an ATR compared to the RSBD. No reports on ATR were found for PCBC from sensitized RSBD. More studies are needed to address the role of IgE-sensitization of BD in ATR.
献血者（BD）血液中的过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E（As-IgE）可通过含血浆的血液成分（PCBC）转移至输血受者体内，并使受者的肥大细胞致敏。这些细胞在接触过敏原时会被激活并引发过敏反应。本研究旨在评估BD针对一系列过敏原的致敏情况，以识别出具有As-IgE的献血者，并探究这种IgE是否会导致受者出现过敏症状。此外，还对与受者过敏输血反应（ATR）相关的PCBC献血者的IgE致敏情况进行了特征分析。收集了300名随机选取的BD（RSBD）的血清样本，以及40名在输注了来自这些献血者的PCBC的患者发生26次ATR后选取的BD的血清样本。通过线性印迹酶免疫测定法和基于ELISA的IgE多重测定法检测IgE致敏情况。38%的RSBD对一种或几种过敏原存在IgE。在一些BD中还检测到了有可能转移至PCBC受者体内的高IgE水平。对来自致敏RSBD的三分之二的PCBC进行调查发现，受者中未出现ATR报告。对与ATR相关的献血者进行的IgE检测显示，65%的病例存在致敏情况。我们得出结论，对BD进行IgE检测可揭示其对不同过敏原的致敏情况，尽管严重过敏者不被接受为BD。与RSBD相比，导致ATR的PCBC的BD中致敏频率似乎更高。在来自致敏RSBD的PCBC中未发现ATR报告。需要更多研究来探讨BD的IgE致敏在ATR中的作用。
