Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Allergy. 2014 Mar;69(3):365-71. doi: 10.1111/all.12341. Epub 2013 Dec 26.
Complaints of 'food allergy' are increasing. Standardized surveys of IgE sensitization to foods are still uncommon and multicountry surveys are rare. We have assessed IgE sensitization to food-associated allergens in different regions of Europe using a common protocol.
Participants from general populations aged 20-54 years in eight European centres (Zurich, Madrid, Utrecht, Lodz, Sophia, Athens, Reykjavik and Vilnius) were asked whether they had allergic symptoms associated with specific foods. Weighted samples of those with and without allergic symptoms then completed a longer questionnaire and donated serum for IgE analysis by ImmunoCAP for 24 foods, 6 aeroallergens and, by allergen microarray, for 48 individual food proteins.
The prevalence of IgE sensitization to foods ranged from 23.6% to 6.6%. The least common IgE sensitizations were to fish (0.2%), milk (0.8%) and egg (0.9%), and the most common were to hazelnut (9.3%), peach (7.9%) and apple (6.5%). The order of prevalence of IgE sensitization against different foods was similar in each centre and correlated with the prevalence of the pollen-associated allergens Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 (r = 0.86). IgE sensitization to plant allergen components unrelated to pollen allergens was more evenly distributed and independent of pollen IgE sensitization (r = -0.10). The most common foods containing allergens not cross-reacting with pollens were sesame, shrimp and hazelnut.
IgE sensitization to foods is common, but varies widely and is predominantly related to IgE sensitization to pollen allergens. IgE sensitization to food allergens not cross-reacting with pollens is rare and more evenly distributed.
对“食物过敏”的投诉越来越多。标准化的 IgE 食物致敏调查仍然不常见，多国家调查更是罕见。我们使用通用方案评估了欧洲不同地区与食物相关的过敏原 IgE 致敏情况。
在八个欧洲中心（苏黎世、马德里、乌得勒支、罗兹、索菲亚、雅典、雷克雅未克和维尔纽斯），年龄在 20-54 岁的一般人群中抽取参与者，询问他们是否有与特定食物相关的过敏症状。有和无症状的参与者的加权样本随后完成了更长的问卷，并捐献血清进行 IgE 分析，采用 ImmunoCAP 对 24 种食物、6 种气传过敏原以及过敏原微阵列对 48 种个别食物蛋白进行分析。
食物 IgE 致敏的患病率范围为 23.6%至 6.6%。最不常见的 IgE 致敏是对鱼类（0.2%）、牛奶（0.8%）和鸡蛋（0.9%），最常见的是榛子（9.3%）、桃子（7.9%）和苹果（6.5%）。每个中心对不同食物的 IgE 致敏的流行顺序相似，与花粉相关过敏原 Bet v 1 和 Bet v 2 的流行率相关（r = 0.86）。与花粉过敏原无关的植物过敏原成分的 IgE 致敏分布更均匀，与花粉 IgE 致敏无关（r = -0.10）。最常见的含非交叉反应性花粉过敏原的食物是芝麻、虾和榛子。
食物 IgE 致敏很常见，但差异很大，主要与花粉过敏原的 IgE 致敏有关。与花粉不交叉反应的食物过敏原 IgE 致敏罕见且分布更均匀。
