Eggers Shoshannah, Hoggarth Zachary E, Nagdeo Kiran, Banas Maria J, Lane Jamil M, Rechtman Elza, Gennings Chris, O'Neal Elizabeth, Peppard Paul E, Sethi Ajay K, Safdar Nasia, Malecki Kristen Mc, Schultz Amy A, Midya Vishal
University of Iowa College of Public Health.
New York University School of Global Public Health.
Res Sq. 2024 Nov 25:rs.3.rs-5486286. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5486286/v1.
Recent studies have shown associations between relative abundances of specific gut microbes and cognitive function; however, few studies have explored the potential interplay between the gut microbiome and food insecurity in association with the risk of cognitive impairment (RCI). This study investigated the role of food insecurity as an effect modifier between the gut microbiome, including groups of gut microbes (microbial cliques), and RCI.
Data came from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin and its ancillary Wisconsin Microbiome Study. The analytical sample (n = 360) included adult participants with complete data on food insecurity, RCI, and 16S rRNA sequencing data from stool samples. A "mini-cog" memory test was implemented to assess RCI. Food insecurity was assessed using a set of survey-based questions. Alpha diversity and individual taxa associations with RCI were estimated using linear regression. Microbial cliques associated with RCI were identified using an interpretable machine-learning-based algorithm. All analyses were stratified by food insecurity level, and regression models were adjusted for relevant confounders.
Food insecurity status was weakly associated with RCI (b = 0.06, 95%CI=[0.00, 0.12]). Gut microbiome a-diversity had an inverse association with RCI in both the food secure (b=-0.08, 95%CI=[-0.15, -0.02]) and insecure groups (b=-0.09, 95%CI=[-0.26, 0.07]). sp. was associated with RCI in the food secure group only (b = 0.09, 95%CI= [0.05, 1.36]. We identified two microbial cliques whose associations with RCI were modified by food insecurity status. The presence of the microbial clique with either or was more strongly associated with RCI for the food-insecure group (β = 0.29, p < 0.0001) than the food-secure group (β = 0.05, p < 0.001). Alternatively, a microbial clique representing the presence of , , CAG-352F, and/or had a stronger association with RCI for the food-secure group (β = 0.1, p < 0.0001) than the food-insecure group (β = 0.07, p = 0.01).
Food insecurity may modify the relationship between the gut microbiome and RCI. These findings suggest environmental and lifestyle factors in potential prevention strategies against RCI.
近期研究表明特定肠道微生物的相对丰度与认知功能之间存在关联；然而，很少有研究探讨肠道微生物群与粮食不安全之间的潜在相互作用及其与认知障碍风险（RCI）的关系。本研究调查了粮食不安全作为肠道微生物群（包括肠道微生物组群，即微生物小集团）与RCI之间效应修饰因素的作用。
数据来自威斯康星州健康调查及其附属的威斯康星微生物组研究。分析样本（n = 360）包括在粮食不安全、RCI以及粪便样本的16S rRNA测序数据方面具有完整数据的成年参与者。采用“简易认知”记忆测试来评估RCI。使用一组基于调查的问题来评估粮食不安全状况。使用线性回归估计α多样性和个体分类群与RCI的关联。使用基于可解释机器学习的算法识别与RCI相关的微生物小集团。所有分析均按粮食不安全水平分层，回归模型针对相关混杂因素进行了调整。
粮食不安全状况与RCI呈弱关联（b = 0.06，95%置信区间=[0.00, 0.12]）。在粮食安全组（b=-0.08，95%置信区间=[-0.15, -0.02]）和粮食不安全组（b=-0.09，95%置信区间=[-0.26, 0.07]）中，肠道微生物群α多样性与RCI均呈负相关。仅在粮食安全组中，某菌属与RCI相关（b = 0.09，95%置信区间=[0.05, 1.36]）。我们识别出两个微生物小集团，其与RCI的关联因粮食不安全状况而有所改变。对于粮食不安全组，含有某菌属或另一菌属的微生物小集团与RCI的关联更强（β = 0.29，p < 0.0001），高于粮食安全组（β = 0.05，p < 0.001）。或者，代表含有某菌属、另一菌属、CAG - 352F和/或某菌属的微生物小集团，在粮食安全组中与RCI的关联更强（β = 0.1，p < 0.0001），高于粮食不安全组（β = 0.07，p = 0.01）。
粮食不安全可能会改变肠道微生物群与RCI之间的关系。这些发现提示了在预防RCI潜在策略中的环境和生活方式因素。
