Taimur Hira, Ahmad Ishtiaq, Khan Hamza, Shirayama Yoshihisa, Okamoto Miyoko, Aung Myo Nyein, Shabbir Sameera, Yuasa Motoyuki
Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 22;15:1441591. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1441591. eCollection 2024.
The high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Pakistan is a challenge to the existing healthcare system. This is the first comprehensive review of the status of glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, treatment adherence, complications and financial burden faced by the diabetic patient population of the country.
We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for studies on diabetes control, knowledge, treatment adherence, prevalence of complications and cost in Pakistan published in English from 2000 to 2024. We hand-searched Google Scholar for additional papers and included a total of 45 studies in our review.
The review shows that poor glycemic control prevails among diabetic patients ranging from 44.7% to 86.4% along with half of the patients have poor diabetes knowledge (46.0% -70.0%). Treatment adherence level in diabetic patients varies widely in different studies, frequently reported complications are retinopathy (14.5%-43.0%), nephropathy (14.0%-31.0%) and neuropathy (10.8%-59.6%); and the disease poses a great deal of economic burden.
Most of the studies were observational. Glycemic control and knowledge among individuals with T2DM in Pakistan are inadequate, leading to a high prevalence of complications that impose significant health and economic burdens. Further longitudinal studies generating evidence of lifestyle modifications as primary and secondary prevention strategies against diabetes in the Pakistani population can form a strong foundation for awareness campaigns and policy revisions.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在巴基斯坦的高患病率对现有的医疗保健系统构成了挑战。这是对该国糖尿病患者群体的血糖控制状况、糖尿病知识、治疗依从性、并发症及经济负担的首次全面综述。
我们在PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库中检索了2000年至2024年以英文发表的关于巴基斯坦糖尿病控制、知识、治疗依从性、并发症患病率及成本的研究。我们在谷歌学术上手动检索了其他论文，共纳入45项研究进行综述。
综述显示，糖尿病患者中血糖控制不佳的比例在44.7%至86.4%之间，且一半患者的糖尿病知识掌握情况较差（46.0% - 70.0%）。不同研究中糖尿病患者的治疗依从性水平差异很大，常见并发症有视网膜病变（14.5% - 43.0%）、肾病（14.0% - 31.0%）和神经病变（10.8% - 59.6%）；该疾病带来了巨大的经济负担。
大多数研究为观察性研究。巴基斯坦2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制和知识水平不足，导致并发症高发，带来了重大的健康和经济负担。开展进一步的纵向研究，为巴基斯坦人群中作为糖尿病一级和二级预防策略的生活方式改变提供证据，可为提高认识运动和政策修订奠定坚实基础。
