Dhote Sylvain, Gimenez Philippe, Grosprêtre Sidney
EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
J Sports Sci Med. 2024 Dec 1;23(4):895-906. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2024.895. eCollection 2024 Dec.
There is little evidence of the acute effect of random practice, performed by solely varying the intensity but not the task itself, as compared to block practice, i.e. when one task is repeated in a constant manner. This study aimed to examine the acute neuromuscular effects of physical exercise consisting of repeated jumps of randomized length. Fifteen healthy young participants completed 2 separate sessions of 90 minutes. They did 20 minutes of fatiguing exercise, consisting of 100 repeated standing long jumps (SLJ), in two different manners: one session with targeted jump length kept constant (CO), and one with targeted jump length being varied and unpredictable (RA). Pre- and post-tests were conducted before and immediately after, including measurements of Countermovement Jump (CMJ), SLJ, leg extension maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MViC), EMG activities of leg muscles and patellar tendon reflex amplitude (T-reflex: strike force and evoked force). Results showed that performances decreased after the repeated SLJs, independently of the condition (MViC decreased from 448 ± 118 N to 399 ± 122 N; CMJ decreased from 36.7 ± 7.2 cm to 34.6 ± 6.6 cm). EMG during MViC decreased by 21 ± 28 % from pre- to post-intervention. T-reflex decreased after both conditions ([Force/Strike] ratio decreased by 38 ± 69 % from pre to post). Subjective measures showed a greater sense of personal performance and enjoyment after the RA session. Results suggest that a randomly organized intensity of effort led to a similar decrease in physical performance compared to constant intensity when the session loads were matched. It also led to similar fatigue of the neuromuscular system as shown by T-reflexes and EMG measures. Nonetheless, random practice presents the benefit of being markedly more appreciated by participants.
与集中练习(即持续重复一项任务)相比,几乎没有证据表明仅通过改变强度而不改变任务本身进行随机练习的急性效果。本研究旨在检验由随机长度的重复跳跃组成的体育锻炼的急性神经肌肉效应。15名健康的年轻参与者完成了两个90分钟的独立训练。他们以两种不同方式进行了20分钟的疲劳锻炼,包括100次重复的立定跳远(SLJ):一个训练中目标跳跃长度保持不变(CO),另一个训练中目标跳跃长度变化且不可预测(RA)。在训练前和训练后立即进行了测试前和测试后测量,包括反向运动跳跃(CMJ)、SLJ、腿部伸展最大自主等长收缩(MViC)、腿部肌肉的肌电图活动以及髌腱反射幅度(T反射:打击力和诱发电)。结果表明,重复立定跳远后,无论何种情况,表现均下降(MViC从448±118N降至399±122N;CMJ从36.7±7.2cm降至34.6±6.6cm)。干预前至干预后,MViC期间的肌电图下降了21±28%。两种情况下T反射均下降([力/打击]比值从训练前到训练后下降了38±69%)。主观测量显示,在RA训练后,个人表现感和愉悦感更强。结果表明,当训练负荷相匹配时,随机组织的努力强度与恒定强度相比,导致身体表现的下降相似。T反射和肌电图测量结果也表明,它导致神经肌肉系统出现类似的疲劳。尽管如此,随机练习的好处是明显更受参与者欢迎。