Estrella-Proaño Andrea, Rivadeneira María F, Alvarado Jéssica, Murtagh Matías, Guijarro Susana, Alomoto Lidia, Cañarejo Glenda
Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Front Psychol. 2024 Nov 22;15:1462948. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1462948. eCollection 2024.
Adolescents and young are one of the population groups with the highest prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. Few studies address this problem in young university students. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in first-year university students and its association with family functionality and social support.
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 847 students from five cities in Ecuador, between 18 and 25 years of age, who were beginning their university career. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, family functionality with the FF-SIL Test, and social support with the Medical Outcomes Study Scale. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were also measured. Bivariate and multivariate data analyzes were performed using logistic regression.
The 19.7% of the students presented anxiety, while 24.7% presented depression. Female students, students with poor economic status, and married/in union students had a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction and lack of global social support were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety (OR 1.93 95% CI 1.20-3.10; OR 1.99 95% CI 1.19-3.33, respectively) and depression (OR 1.87 95% CI 1.16-3.01; OR 2.2 95% CI 1.35-2.57, respectively), regardless of the student's economic situation.
Social support and family functionality play an important role in the prevention of anxiety and depression in first-year university students. It is necessary to establish mental health policies and strategies in this underserved population group that strengthen social support and family functionality.
青少年是全球焦虑和抑郁患病率最高的人群之一。很少有研究关注青年大学生中的这一问题。本研究旨在分析大学一年级学生焦虑和抑郁的患病率及其与家庭功能和社会支持的关联。
对来自厄瓜多尔五个城市的847名年龄在18至25岁之间、开始大学生涯的学生进行了一项横断面研究。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表测量焦虑和抑郁症状，使用FF-SIL测试测量家庭功能，使用医学结局研究量表测量社会支持。还测量了参与者的社会人口学特征。使用逻辑回归进行双变量和多变量数据分析。
19.7%的学生存在焦虑，24.7%的学生存在抑郁。女学生、经济状况较差的学生以及已婚/同居学生的焦虑和抑郁患病率更高。无论学生的经济状况如何，家庭功能障碍和缺乏整体社会支持均与较高的焦虑患病率（OR 1.93，95%CI 1.20 - 3.10；OR 1.99，95%CI 1.19 - 3.33）和抑郁患病率（OR 1.87，95%CI 1.16 - 3.01；OR 2.2，95%CI 1.35 - 2.57）显著相关。
社会支持和家庭功能在预防大学一年级学生的焦虑和抑郁方面发挥着重要作用。有必要在这一服务不足的人群中制定心理健康政策和策略，以加强社会支持和家庭功能。
