Endoscopic micro-invasive cardiac surgery: State-of-the-art.

The advancement of micro-invasive cardiac surgery techniques has introduced a viable alternative to conventional full-sternotomy operations. These approaches are designed to reduce tissue trauma, shorten recovery time, and meet the increasing demand for less invasive treatment options. In this review, we discuss current progresses in endoscopic micro-invasive cardiac surgery, which utilizes refined tools and advanced imaging technologies to perform complex heart procedures, including valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, and congenital defect corrections. By reviewing our experience with these techniques, we provide practical insights for surgeons interested in adopting micro-invasive cardiac surgery. The highlighted innovations in planning and execution of micro-invasive cardiac surgery reflect the growing trend toward safer and more efficient cardiac surgeries.