Pike Nancy A, Gundry Steven R
International Heart Institute of Palm Springs, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, Calif, USA.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Nov-Dec;18(5):382-8. doi: 10.1097/00005082-200311000-00010.
Over the past decade, advancements in cardiac surgery occurred secondary to improvements in technology and the desire for a less invasive approach to operations in general. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has progressed from partial sternotomy incisions to totally endoscopic open-heart procedures with robotic-assistance. There are 2 major companies that produce robotic equipment for use in cardiac surgery. These companies must undergo Food and Drug Association (FDA) mandated clinical trials on each cardiac surgical procedure, before it can be approved for public use. The surgeon must demonstrate clinical proficiency to operate the robotic equipment per FDA approved company testing. The use of computer (robotic) enhancement is well documented for coronary artery bypass grafting and selected cardiac valve procedures. Recent advancements are now being directed at congenital heart disease. The use of robotic-assisted totally endoscopic atrial septal defect closure is a tremendous advancement in congenital cardiac surgery. The future of robotic cardiac surgery will hopefully expand to cover more advanced valve procedures, congenital heart defects, and other procedures once robots are further modified for pediatric use.
在过去十年中，心脏外科手术的进展得益于技术的改进以及总体上对侵入性较小的手术方法的需求。微创心脏手术已从部分胸骨切开切口发展到完全内镜下的机器人辅助心脏直视手术。有两家主要公司生产用于心脏手术的机器人设备。这些公司必须在每种心脏外科手术上接受美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）规定的临床试验，才能获批供公众使用。外科医生必须根据FDA批准的公司测试证明自己操作机器人设备的临床熟练程度。计算机（机器人）辅助在冠状动脉搭桥术和特定心脏瓣膜手术中的应用已有充分记录。最近的进展现在正朝着先天性心脏病领域发展。机器人辅助完全内镜下房间隔缺损封堵术是先天性心脏外科手术的一项巨大进步。一旦机器人经过进一步改进以用于儿科，机器人心脏手术的未来有望扩展到涵盖更先进的瓣膜手术、先天性心脏缺陷及其他手术。
