Molina Gary Garcia, Matthews Camilla, Myers Annika, Peterson Beth, Strainis Emma, Riedner Brady, Vascan Ana Maria, Tononi Giulio, Jones Stephanie
Psychiatry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Sleep Number, San Jose, California, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Aug;34(4):e14404. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14404. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
Cognitive, metabolic and sleep benefits associated with enhancement of sleep slow waves using closed-loop auditory stimulation have been reported in adults but not in adolescents, especially in home settings. Seventeen volunteers (10F/7M; age range: 13-18 years old) participated in a 2-week, single-blind, crossover study. STIM (auditory stimulation ON) and SHAM (auditory stimulation at zero-volume) were each applied for a week (randomized order). Participants used a self-applied, single-electroencephalogram, wearable device at home. An embedded algorithm performed real-time sleep staging, detected slow-wave sleep and delivered auditory tones separated by a 1-s inter-tone interval. After each sleep session, participants completed questionnaires to report sleep quality, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), and performed tasks to quantify vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and working memory (continuous working memory performance task). Sleep architecture, count of microarousals, slow-wave amplitude, total and mean slow-wave activity (electroencephalogram power in the 0.5-4 Hz frequency band) during non-rapid eye movement sleep, sleepiness level, and cognitive performance metrics were compared between STIM and SHAM. The slow-wave amplitude during stimulation, total slow-wave activity and mean slow-wave activity were significantly higher in the STIM condition (+10.7%, +7.38% and + 7.57%). The count of microarousals, and the power in alpha and beta bands were not different between SHAM and STIM. The Pearson correlation between slow-wave activity enhancement and sleep duration (-0.83; p < 1e - 4) suggested a significant decrease in sleep duration proportional to slow-wave activity enhancement. Trending results (p < 0.1) in the STIM condition included higher number of correct continuous working memory performance task responses (+1.01 correct; p = 0.07). This research provides feasibility of auditory stimulation-based slow-wave activity in a young population.
已有报道称，使用闭环听觉刺激增强睡眠慢波对成年人的认知、代谢和睡眠有益，但对青少年却并非如此，尤其是在家庭环境中。17名志愿者（10名女性/7名男性；年龄范围：13 - 18岁）参与了一项为期2周的单盲交叉研究。刺激组（听觉刺激开启）和假刺激组（零音量听觉刺激）各持续一周（随机顺序）。参与者在家中使用自行佩戴的单通道脑电图可穿戴设备。一种嵌入式算法进行实时睡眠分期，检测慢波睡眠并发出间隔为1秒的听觉音调。每次睡眠后，参与者完成问卷以报告睡眠质量、嗜睡程度（卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表），并执行任务以量化警觉性（心理运动警觉任务）和工作记忆（连续工作记忆表现任务）。比较了刺激组和假刺激组之间的睡眠结构、微觉醒次数、慢波振幅、非快速眼动睡眠期间的总慢波活动和平均慢波活动（0.5 - 4赫兹频段的脑电图功率）、嗜睡水平以及认知表现指标。刺激期间的慢波振幅、总慢波活动和平均慢波活动在刺激组中显著更高（分别增加10.7%、7.38%和7.57%）。假刺激组和刺激组之间的微觉醒次数以及α和β频段的功率没有差异。慢波活动增强与睡眠时间之间的皮尔逊相关性为 - 0.83（p < 1e - 4），表明睡眠时间随着慢波活动增强而显著减少。刺激组的趋势性结果（p < 0.1）包括连续工作记忆表现任务的正确反应数量增加（多1.01个正确反应；p = 0.07）。这项研究证明了在年轻人群中基于听觉刺激的慢波活动的可行性。
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