Palladino Giorgia, Nanetti Enrico, Scicchitano Daniel, Cinti Nicolò, Foresto Lucia, Cozzi Alice, Gonzalez Vara Rodriguez Antonio, Interino Nicolò, Fiori Jessica, Turroni Silvia, Candela Marco, Rampelli Simone
Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
Commun Biol. 2024 Dec 9;7(1):1626. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07261-8.
The microbial dimension of the terroir is crucial for wine quality, as microbiomes contribute to plant biofertilization, stress tolerance and pathogen suppression. While microbial terroir can act as a biological signature at large scale, data for local contexts is lacking, hindering the characterization of regional microbial diversity in vineyards. Here, we define the microbial terroir of vineyards across the 12 sub-areas (Additional Geographic Units -AGUs) of the "Consorzio del Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG" PDO area (Italy), a world-renowned wine-producing region. Rhizospheres of Vitis vinifera cultivar Sangiovese and soil samples were collected throughout the 2022 viticultural season and analyzed through an integrated metabarcoding/shotgun metagenomic approach, targeting bacteria and fungi. Wine metabolomics was also perfomed, projecting compositional and functional variations of the microbial terroir at the AGUs level into a corresponding variation in the product metabolic profile. Our findings reveal a unique taxonomic configuration of the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano terroir compared to other vineyards, with microbiomes being "AGU-specific" in taxonomic abundances and plant growth-promoting functions, confirming the potential relevance of characterizing and preserving the microbial terroir to safeguard high-quality traditional wines.
风土的微生物维度对葡萄酒品质至关重要，因为微生物群落有助于植物生物施肥、胁迫耐受性和病原体抑制。虽然微生物风土可以在大规模上作为一种生物特征，但缺乏局部环境的数据，这阻碍了葡萄园区域微生物多样性的表征。在这里，我们定义了意大利“高贵蒙特布查诺葡萄酒法定产区控制命名”（DOCG）受保护原产地名称（PDO）地区12个分区（附加地理单元-AGU）内葡萄园的微生物风土，这是一个世界著名的葡萄酒产区。在2022年葡萄种植季节期间收集了酿酒葡萄品种桑娇维塞的根际土壤和土壤样本，并通过针对细菌和真菌的综合扩增子测序/鸟枪法宏基因组学方法进行分析。还进行了葡萄酒代谢组学研究，将AGU水平上微生物风土的组成和功能变化投射到产品代谢谱的相应变化中。我们的研究结果揭示了与其他葡萄园相比，高贵蒙特布查诺葡萄酒风土独特的分类学结构，微生物群落在分类丰度和促进植物生长功能方面具有“AGU特异性”，证实了表征和保护微生物风土对保障高品质传统葡萄酒的潜在相关性。
