Chen Xinyun, He Chunying, Yu Wenhui, Ma Liang, Gou Shenju, Fu Ping
Department of Health Management, Health Management Center, General Practice Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Biogerontology. 2024 Dec 10;26(1):24. doi: 10.1007/s10522-024-10160-4.
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments found in plants and certain microorganisms. Some carotenoids act as precursors to vitamin A, which is essential for various health aspects, including vision, immune function, and skin health. Carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, are known to reduce the risk of age-related diseases and promote healthy aging. This study examines the relationship between dietary carotenoid levels and biological age. This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018, and 19,280 participants were included. The Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge) was used to measure biological age, and the Klemera-Doubal Method (KDM) was employed in sensitivity analyses. Biological age acceleration was determined by calculating the residuals of PhenoAge or KDM after regressing them against chronological age. Weighted multivariate linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between carotenoids and biological age acceleration. Additionally, restricted cubic spline regression, subgroup analysis, interaction analysis, and sensitivity analyses were employed for further examination. Both linear regression and logistic regression analyses indicated that participants with higher carotenoid intake exhibited lower rates of phenotypic age acceleration, with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene all demonstrating protective effects. Restricted cubic spline regression indicates non-linear associations between carotenoid levels and phenotypic age acceleration. Subgroup analyses revealed that younger participants, females, and individuals with hypertension or diabetes benefited more from higher carotenoid intake. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of inverse relationship. The WQS analysis identifies β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin as the most influential compounds. Higher dietary intake of carotenoids is associated with reduced biological age acceleration, underscoring their protective role against aging. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and explore the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid benefits on aging.
类胡萝卜素是存在于植物和某些微生物中的天然色素。一些类胡萝卜素可作为维生素A的前体，而维生素A对包括视力、免疫功能和皮肤健康在内的各种健康方面都至关重要。已知包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素和玉米黄质在内的类胡萝卜素可降低与年龄相关疾病的风险并促进健康衰老。本研究探讨了膳食类胡萝卜素水平与生物学年龄之间的关系。本研究利用了2009年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，纳入了19280名参与者。使用表型年龄（PhenoAge）来衡量生物学年龄，并在敏感性分析中采用克莱梅拉-杜巴尔方法（KDM）。通过计算PhenoAge或KDM与实足年龄回归后的残差来确定生物学年龄加速。进行加权多变量线性和逻辑回归以检验类胡萝卜素与生物学年龄加速之间的关系。此外，采用受限立方样条回归、亚组分析、交互作用分析和敏感性分析进行进一步检验。线性回归和逻辑回归分析均表明，类胡萝卜素摄入量较高的参与者表型年龄加速率较低，α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素、玉米黄质和番茄红素均显示出保护作用。受限立方样条回归表明类胡萝卜素水平与表型年龄加速之间存在非线性关联。亚组分析显示，年轻参与者、女性以及患有高血压或糖尿病的个体从较高的类胡萝卜素摄入量中获益更多。敏感性分析进一步证实了这种反向关系的稳健性。加权分位数和回归分析（WQS）确定β-胡萝卜素和β-隐黄质是最具影响力的化合物。较高的膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与生物学年龄加速的降低相关，强调了它们对衰老的保护作用。需要进一步的纵向研究来建立因果关系并探索类胡萝卜素对衰老有益作用的潜在机制。
