A high concentration of neutrophil extracellular traps is observed in humans and mice suffering from endometriosis.

We wished to ascertain if there is an association between neutrophil extracellular traps and endometriosis (EMS). We collected the lesional tissues and normal endometrium of 30 patients suffering from endometriosis. Samples were also taken from healthy controls. Blood from the peripheral circulation was collected to isolate serum and neutrophils. A mouse model of endometriosis was also created. Expression of citrullinated histone and the myeloperoxidase level in tissue were measured by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. The myeloperoxidase level in peripheral blood serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Staining (Trypan Blue) and flow cytometry were used to measure the apoptosis of neutrophils in peripheral blood. BALB/C mice were modeled by allotransplantation, and the experimental parameters noted above quantified. The myeloperoxidase content in the peripheral blood of patients with endometriosis was increased compared with that in healthy controls. Flow cytometry showed that the percent apoptosis of neutrophils in patients with endometriosis was lower than that in healthy controls. Expression of citrullinated histone was higher in the endometriosis group in humans and mice compared with respective controls according to immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Our data suggest that a high concentration of neutrophil extracellular traps was observed in humans and mice suffering from endometriosis.