Parsons Ruth E, Douglas Philippa, Ashworth Danielle, Hansell Anna L, Sepai Ovnair, Chadeau-Hyam Marc, Toledano Mireille B
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK.
UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; UK Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK; Chief Scientist's Group, Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Wallingford, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Environ Res. 2025 Feb 15;267:120588. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120588. Epub 2024 Dec 8.
The objective of this study is to report recent PCDD/F and PCB human milk concentrations in the United Kingdom (UK) and relate these to two proxies for exposure to municipal waste incinerator (MWI) emissions. As part of the Breast milk, Environment, Early-life, and Development (BEED) study, primiparous individuals were recruited from within 20 km of English MWIs between 2013 and 2015 and asked to provide human milk samples. The samples were analysed for quantitative concentrations of 17 PCDD/F and 12 PCB congeners. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between two proxy measurements for exposure to MWI emissions: (i) log average modelled daily ground-level PM from MWIs (modelled PM) and (ii) residential proximity to nearest MWI and the toxic equivalents (TEQs), ∑TEQ-PCDD, ∑TEQ-PCB and ∑TEQ-PCDD/F + PCB. Samples from 194 participants were analysed for PCDD/Fs and 150 for PCBs. Overall ∑TEQ-PCDD/F + PCBs ranged from 1.76 to 25.1 pg/g lipid with a geometric mean of 5.81 (Geometric standard deviation: 1.64). A doubling in modelled PM was significantly associated with an average increase of 9.71% (95% CI: 2.91%-16.5%) in ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs + PCB, 9.14% (95% CI: 1.79%-16.5%) in ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs and 9.02% (CI:1.57%-16.5%) in ∑TEQ-PCBs. MWI proximity was not associated with an increase of ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs, ∑TEQ-PCBs, or ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs + PCBs. The results from this study suggest that MWI emissions may make a small contribution to the body burden of toxic PCDD/F and PCB mixtures. Enhanced environmental monitoring and human biomonitoring of PCDD/Fs and PCBs near MWIs would be needed to investigate this further.
本研究的目的是报告英国近期母乳中多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）和多氯联苯（PCB）的浓度，并将这些浓度与城市垃圾焚烧炉（MWI）排放暴露的两个替代指标相关联。作为母乳、环境、早期生活与发育（BEED）研究的一部分，2013年至2015年间，在距离英国MWI 20公里范围内招募了初产妇，并要求她们提供母乳样本。对样本中17种PCDD/F和12种PCB同系物的定量浓度进行了分析。采用线性回归模型研究MWI排放暴露的两个替代测量指标之间的关联：（i）MWI每日地面平均模拟颗粒物（模拟PM）的对数以及（ii）与最近MWI的居住距离以及毒性当量（TEQ）、∑TEQ-PCDD、∑TEQ-PCB和∑TEQ-PCDD/F + PCB。对194名参与者的样本进行了PCDD/F分析，对150名参与者的样本进行了PCB分析。总体而言，∑TEQ-PCDD/F + PCB的范围为1.76至25.1 pg/g脂质，几何平均值为5.81（几何标准偏差：1.64）。模拟PM增加一倍与∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs + PCB平均增加9.71%（95%置信区间：2.91%-16.5%）、∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs平均增加9.14%（95%置信区间：1.79%-16.5%）以及∑TEQ-PCBs平均增加9.02%（置信区间：1.57%-16.5%）显著相关。与MWI的距离与∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs、∑TEQ-PCBs或∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs + PCBs的增加无关。本研究结果表明，MWI排放可能对有毒PCDD/F和PCB混合物的体内负荷贡献较小。需要加强对MWI附近PCDD/Fs和PCBs的环境监测和人体生物监测，以进一步研究这一问题。
