Muts Jacqueline, van Keulen Britt J, van Goudoever Johannes B, van den Akker Chris H P
Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam.
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2025 Jan 1;28(1):33-38. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001084. Epub 2024 Nov 11.
This review aims to evaluate the latest available evidence on the differences between human milk proteins versus infant formula proteins and its effects on growth and development in preterm infants.
High protein intake supports initial growth in preterm infants, although the long-term benefits remain unclear. Human milk requires adequate fortification to meet nutritional needs of preterm born infants. Formula feeding, with its higher protein content, may accelerate early weight gain but also increases the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Current evidence showed no significant advantages of human milk-derived fortifiers over bovine milk-derived fortifiers. Furthermore, studies published during the review period do not provide new evidence that alters the existing understanding of differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between infants fed human milk and those fed formula.
Both fortified human milk and preterm formula support growth in preterm infants, but human milk offers additional protective benefits, such as reducing the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, making it the preferred option. Balancing immediate growth needs with potential long-term developmental outcomes remains crucial, highlighting the need for further research to determine the optimal protein intake for preterm infants.
本综述旨在评估关于人乳蛋白与婴儿配方奶粉蛋白差异及其对早产儿生长发育影响的最新证据。
高蛋白摄入有助于早产儿的初期生长，尽管其长期益处尚不清楚。人乳需要充分强化以满足早产婴儿的营养需求。配方奶喂养因蛋白质含量较高，可能会加速早期体重增加，但也会增加坏死性小肠结肠炎的风险。目前的证据表明，人乳强化剂相对于牛乳强化剂并无显著优势。此外，在本综述期间发表的研究并未提供新的证据来改变现有的关于母乳喂养婴儿与配方奶喂养婴儿神经发育结局差异的认识。
强化人乳和早产儿配方奶粉都能支持早产儿的生长，但人乳具有额外的保护益处，如降低坏死性小肠结肠炎的风险，使其成为首选。平衡即时生长需求与潜在的长期发育结局仍然至关重要，这突出了进一步研究以确定早产儿最佳蛋白质摄入量的必要性。
