Mackenzie T A, Zawada E T, Stacy W K
Postgrad Med. 1985 Jan;77(1):95-101, 104. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1985.11698842.
Hemodialysis removes uremic toxins and excess fluid from the blood by diffusion dialysis and ultrafiltration. The efficiency of this process depends on the size, shape, and type of semipermeable membrane used in the hemodialyzer. Although the hollow-fiber kidney remains popular, the parallel-plate hemodialyzer is reestablishing itself, partly because it can use newer types of membranes. With newer membranes, ultrafiltration can be performed without diffusion dialysis, which appears to have important clinical advantages. The dialysate bath used in the hemodialyzer resembles plasma water in composition, with electrolytes added to compensate for abnormalities of end-stage renal disease. Although the technical problems of hemodialysis have been largely overcome, an accurate, easy-to-use method of evaluating the adequacy of the hemodialysis prescription has yet to be devised.
血液透析通过扩散透析和超滤从血液中清除尿毒症毒素和多余的液体。这个过程的效率取决于血液透析器中使用的半透膜的大小、形状和类型。尽管中空纤维肾仍然很受欢迎，但平行板血液透析器正在重新崛起，部分原因是它可以使用更新型的膜。使用新型膜时，可以在不进行扩散透析的情况下进行超滤，这似乎具有重要的临床优势。血液透析器中使用的透析液成分类似于血浆水，并添加了电解质以补偿终末期肾病的异常情况。尽管血液透析的技术问题已基本得到解决，但尚未设计出一种准确、易于使用的方法来评估血液透析处方的充分性。
