Alrasheeday Awatif M, Alkubati Sameer A, Alqalah Talal Ali Hussein, Alrubaiee Gamil Ghaleb, Alshammari Bushra, Almazan Joseph U, Abdullah Saleh O, Loutfy Ahmed
Nursing Administration Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeida University, Hodeida, Yemen.
Nurse Educ Today. 2025 Mar;146:106539. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106539. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
Patient safety is critical to high-quality patient care. However, it is liable to medication errors (MEs).
Therefore, this study assessed perceptions of patient safety culture (PSC) and barriers to reporting MEs among nursing students in Hail City, Saudi Arabia.
The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study among 360 convenience students at the College of Nursing, University of Hail, in 2023. We collected data using questions about the characteristics of students, the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey (H-PEPSS) questionnaire, and the Medication Error Reporting questionnaire. Students' mean PSC perception scores were calculated and compared based on their characteristics using the independent-samples t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as appropriate. We used Paired samples t-test to compare the mean scores of self-reported perceptions of PSC between classroom and clinical settings, with a significance level of <0.05.
The overall PSC perception score was significantly higher in the classroom than in the clinical setting (p = 0.017). Students in the classroom setting scored significantly higher on the domains of "clinical safety skills" (p < 0.001), "effective communication" (p = 0.039), and "safety risk management" (p = 0.008) than those in the clinical setting. Conversely, students in the clinical setting scored significantly higher on the domains of "teamwork with other HCPs" (p < 0.001), "understanding human and environmental factors" (p = 0.039), and "recognizing and responding to immediate hazards" (p < 0.001). Female students and those who were in their second level, had PSC training, desired to participate in PSC training, and reported the presence of an error reporting system scored significantly higher on PSC perceptions in both settings. Most students (95.8 %) believed in the benefits of discovering and reporting MEs. However, a considerable proportion also expressed concerns about ME reporting, including fears of disciplinary action (87.5 %), blame for errors (87.2 %), and loss of respect from colleagues (85.6 %). Most students (97.5 %) also believed that MEs should be reported. However, only 11.1 % of students reported the occurrence of MEs, and 6.7 % experienced these errors.
Discrepancies exist in PSC perceptions among nursing students in Hail City between academic and real-world contexts, being consistently higher in the classroom compared to the clinical setting. PSC training and the presence of an error reporting system should be considered when developing interventions to improve PSC perceptions. This study revealed that many barriers were rated in a high percentages for reporting the medication, particularly fears of disciplinary action, blame for errors and loss of respect from colleagues, should be addressed.
患者安全对于高质量的患者护理至关重要。然而，它容易出现用药错误（MEs）。
因此，本研究评估了沙特阿拉伯海勒市护理专业学生对患者安全文化（PSC）的认知以及报告用药错误的障碍。
2023年，研究人员对海勒大学护理学院360名便利抽样的学生进行了横断面研究。我们通过询问学生特征、患者安全方面的卫生专业教育调查问卷（H - PEPSS）以及用药错误报告调查问卷来收集数据。使用独立样本t检验或适当情况下的单因素方差分析（ANOVA），根据学生特征计算并比较他们的PSC平均认知得分。我们使用配对样本t检验比较课堂和临床环境中自我报告的PSC认知平均得分，显著性水平<0.05。
课堂环境中的总体PSC认知得分显著高于临床环境（p = 0.017）。课堂环境中的学生在“临床安全技能”（p < 0.001）、“有效沟通”（p = 0.039）和“安全风险管理”（p = 0.008）领域的得分显著高于临床环境中的学生。相反，临床环境中的学生在“与其他医疗保健人员的团队合作”（p < 0.001）、“理解人和环境因素”（p = 0.039）以及“识别和应对即时危险”（p < 0.001）领域的得分显著更高。女生以及处于二年级、接受过PSC培训、希望参加PSC培训且报告存在错误报告系统的学生在两种环境下的PSC认知得分均显著更高。大多数学生（95.8%）相信发现和报告用药错误的益处。然而，相当一部分学生也表达了对报告用药错误的担忧，包括担心受到纪律处分（87.5%）、因错误而被指责（87.2%）以及失去同事的尊重（85.6%）。大多数学生（97.5%）也认为应该报告用药错误。然而，只有11.1%的学生报告了用药错误的发生，6.7%的学生经历过这些错误。
海勒市护理专业学生在学术和现实环境中对PSC的认知存在差异，课堂环境中的得分始终高于临床环境。在制定改善PSC认知的干预措施时，应考虑PSC培训和错误报告系统的存在。本研究表明，报告用药错误时许多障碍的比例很高，特别是对纪律处分的恐惧、因错误而被指责以及失去同事的尊重，这些问题应得到解决。
