Rochefort Gabrielle, Toujgani Hafsa, Berthy Florine, Berlivet Justine, Perraud Elie, Allès Benjamin, Touvier Mathilde, Lamarche Benoît, Baudry Julia, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2025 Feb;121(2):324-332. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.004. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
The transition toward sustainable dietary patterns, such as the planetary diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, is warranted to optimize health and achieve environmental sustainability.
To examine the extent to which the evolution of dietary changes over an 8-y period in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort aligned with the EAT-Lancet diet.
A sample of 17,187 participants of the prospective NutriNet-Santé study was used. Dietary intakes were evaluated in 2014, 2018, and 2022 using a food frequency questionnaire. The alignment of dietary patterns with the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed using the EAT-Lancet dietary index (ELD-I). Changes over time in the ELD-I score and component sub-scores were evaluated using linear mixed regression models.
The mean ELD-I score in 2014 (35.1 ± 0.4 points) increased by a mean of 5.5 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0, 5.9] in 2018, with no further increase in 2022 (+4.2 points compared with 2014: 95% CI: 3.6, 4.9). The increase in the ELD-I observed in 2018 was mostly explained by increases in the sub-scores of these components: Beef, lamb, and pork (+3.4 points; 95% CI: 3.1, 3.6, i.e., lower consumption), Fruits (+1.6 points; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.9, i.e., greater consumption), and Nuts (+1.1 points; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2, i.e., greater consumption). Changes of similar magnitudes were observed between 2014 and 2022, except for the Fruits component, which showed a decrease (-1.3 points; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.9). Greater changes in the ELD-I score over time were observed for females, younger adults, and adults with high education levels.
Results suggest that the slight shift toward more sustainable dietary patterns within the NutriNet-Santé cohort between 2014 and 2018 has stabilized in 2022. This suggests the need for strong efforts from various actors in the field of nutrition and public health that may facilitate the transition toward sustainable dietary patterns.
向可持续饮食模式转变，如EAT-柳叶刀委员会提出的地球饮食模式，对于优化健康和实现环境可持续性是必要的。
研究法国NutriNet-Santé队列中8年期间饮食变化的演变与EAT-柳叶刀饮食模式的契合程度。
使用前瞻性NutriNet-Santé研究的17187名参与者作为样本。在2014年、2018年和2022年使用食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。使用EAT-柳叶刀饮食指数（ELD-I）评估饮食模式与EAT-柳叶刀饮食模式的契合度。使用线性混合回归模型评估ELD-I得分及其组成部分子得分随时间的变化。
2014年的平均ELD-I得分为（35.1±0.4分），2018年平均增加了5.5分[95%置信区间（CI）：5.0，5.9]，2022年没有进一步增加（与2014年相比增加4.2分：95%CI：3.6，4.9）。2018年观察到的ELD-I增加主要是由于这些组成部分子得分的增加：牛肉、羊肉和猪肉（增加3.4分；95%CI：3.1，3.6，即消费量降低）、水果（增加1.6分；95%CI：1.3，1.9，即消费量增加）和坚果（增加1.1分；95%CI：1.0，1.2，即消费量增加）。2014年至2022年期间观察到类似幅度的变化，但水果组成部分除外，其显示出下降（-1.3分；95%CI：-1.7，-0.9）。女性、年轻成年人和高学历成年人随时间的ELD-I得分变化更大。
结果表明，NutriNet-Santé队列在2014年至2018年期间向更可持续饮食模式的轻微转变在2022年已趋于稳定。这表明营养和公共卫生领域的各方需要做出大力努力，以促进向可持续饮食模式的转变。
