Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France; ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie), Angers, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Jun;117(6):1174-1185. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.029. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a planetary and healthy reference diet; however, its nutritional quality has been rarely evaluated.
Across different adherence levels to the EAT-Lancet reference diet, the following were our objectives:1) describe the food and nutritional intakes of the French population, 2) evaluate the nutrient quality, and 3) investigate the consistency between the French national recommendations and the EAT-Lancet reference diet.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort, and the sample was weighted on the characteristics of the general French population. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet was estimated using the EAT-Lancet Diet Index (ELD-I). Usual nutrient intakes were obtained using the variance reduction method. We used the estimated average requirements cut-point method to estimate the proportion of participants who meet their respective nutritional requirements. Furthermore, the adequacy of the French food-based dietary recommendations [Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS)] according to adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet was studied.
The weighted sample was composed of 98,465 participants. Except for bioavailable zinc and vitamin B12, we observed a decrease in the nutrient inadequacy prevalence when the adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet increased, particularly for vitamin B9 (Q1 = 37.8% compared with Q5 = 5.5%, P < 0.0001) and vitamin C (Q1 = 59.0% compared with Q5 = 10.8 %, P < 0.0001). However, inadequacy prevalence remained high in all ELD-I quintiles, particularly for fiber (95.9%), vitamin B1 (70.8%), iodine (48.4%), and magnesium (76.8%). Higher ELD-I score was associated with higher adherence for most components of the PNNS, except for food groups that are not specifically included in the EAT-Lancet reference diet and are typical of the French diet, including alcohol, processed meat, and salt.
In the French context, although issues with the intake of certain nutrients may occur, a diet that remains within the planetary limits as the EAT-Lancet reference diet allows a favorable nutritional quality. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
2019 年，EAT-柳叶刀委员会提出了一种行星和健康参考饮食；然而，其营养质量很少得到评估。
在不同程度遵循 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的情况下，我们的目标如下：1）描述法国人口的食物和营养摄入量，2）评估营养质量，3）调查法国国家建议与 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的一致性。
这项横断面研究是在 NutriNet-Santé 队列的参与者中进行的，样本根据法国一般人口的特征进行加权。EAT-柳叶刀饮食指数（ELD-I）用于估计对 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的依从性。使用方差减少法获得常规营养素摄入量。我们使用估计平均需求量切点方法估计符合各自营养需求的参与者比例。此外，根据对 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的依从性，研究了法国基于食物的膳食建议[国家营养健康计划（PNNS）]的充分性。
加权样本由 98465 名参与者组成。除生物可利用锌和维生素 B12 外，随着对 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的依从性增加，营养素不足的患病率下降，尤其是维生素 B9（Q1=37.8%，Q5=5.5%，P<0.0001）和维生素 C（Q1=59.0%，Q5=10.8%，P<0.0001）。然而，在所有 ELD-I 五分位数中，不足的患病率仍然很高，尤其是纤维（95.9%）、维生素 B1（70.8%）、碘（48.4%）和镁（76.8%）。较高的 ELD-I 评分与大多数 PNNS 成分的较高依从性相关，除了未特别包含在 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食中的食物组和法国饮食中典型的食物组，包括酒精、加工肉类和盐。
在法国背景下，尽管某些营养素的摄入可能存在问题，但作为 EAT-柳叶刀参考饮食的行星限制内的饮食可以提供良好的营养质量。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT03335644。
