Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France.
Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175470. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175470. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
The potential of the EAT-Lancet reference diet, which promotes a healthy diet within planetary limits, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) remains understudied. This study examines the role of nutritional and acceptability constraints in reducing GHGe through diet optimization, and tests the alignment between GHGe reduction and the EAT-Lancet score. The study used data from 29,413 NutriNet-Santé participants to model French diets and evaluate their environmental, nutritional, economic, and health impact. The Organic Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess organic and conventional food consumed, and the Dialecte database was used to estimate the diet environmental impacts. Quality of diets were also evaluated based using the PNNS-GS2 (Programme National Nutrition-Santé 2 guidelines score). When testing minimizing GHGe under strict nutritional and acceptability constraints, it was possible to reduce GHGe up to 67 % (from 4.34 in the observed diet to GHGe = 1.45 kgeqCO2/d) while improving the EAT score by 103 % with 91 % of the food as organic. Greater reductions required relaxation of some constraints. When testing maximizing EAT score under gradual reduction in GHGe, the adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was not significantly affected by the gradual reduction in GHGe. To maximize EAT score with 75 % reduction in GHGe (1.09 kgeqCO2/d), less strict constraints on the bioavailability of iron and zinc are necessary. The EAT score improved by 141 %, while land occupation decreased by 57 %, compared to the observed value. The diet contained 94 % of organic foods. There was some alignment between the degree of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the reduction in GHGe, but other diets may also lead to a strong reduction in GHGe. Thus, GHGe can be greatly reduced by dietary choices, but require profound reshaping of diets which must be coupled with changes in other areas of the food chain.
EAT 饮食参考推荐的饮食方案具有在行星界限内促进健康饮食的潜力，但它在减少温室气体排放（GHGe）方面的潜力仍未得到充分研究。本研究通过饮食优化来研究营养和可接受性限制在减少 GHGe 方面的作用，并测试 GHGe 减少与 EAT 饮食评分的一致性。该研究使用了来自 29413 名 NutriNet-Santé 参与者的数据，对法国饮食进行建模并评估其环境、营养、经济和健康影响。使用有机食品频率问卷评估了所消耗的有机和常规食品，使用 Dialecte 数据库来估计饮食的环境影响。还使用 PNNS-GS2（Programme National Nutrition-Santé 2 指南评分）来评估饮食质量。在严格的营养和可接受性限制下测试使 GHGe 最小化时，有可能将 GHGe 减少高达 67%（从观察到的饮食中的 4.34 减少到 GHGe=1.45kgeqCO2/d），同时使 EAT 评分提高 103%，其中 91%的食物为有机食品。更大的减少需要放宽一些限制。在逐步减少 GHGe 的同时最大化 EAT 评分的测试中，EAT 饮食的依从性不受 GHGe 逐渐减少的显著影响。为了以 75%的 GHGe 减少量（1.09kgeqCO2/d）最大化 EAT 评分，需要对铁和锌的生物利用度放宽一些限制。EAT 评分提高了 141%，而土地占用减少了 57%，与观察值相比。该饮食包含 94%的有机食品。EAT 饮食的依从程度与 GHGe 的减少之间存在一定的一致性，但其他饮食也可能导致 GHGe 的大量减少。因此，通过饮食选择可以大大减少 GHGe，但需要对饮食进行深刻重塑，必须与食物链其他领域的变化相结合。
