Zhou Yang, He Yiqi, Zhao Sisi, Qi Simeng, Wang Lulu, Niu Yingchun, Xu Quan, Xu Chunming, Wang Juncheng
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China.
Sinopec Yanshan Petrochemical Company, Beijing, 102500, China.
Mater Horiz. 2025 Mar 4;12(5):1663-1674. doi: 10.1039/d4mh01259c.
Buildings, especially installed windows, account for a large proportion of global energy consumption. The research trend of smart windows leans towards multi-functional integration, concurrently achieving solar modulation and thermal management. However, sometimes a one-time performance switch cannot meet demands, making the design of multi-gradient adjustable smart windows particularly important. The combination of the temperature-responsive optical properties of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), the high specific heat capability of water (sensible heat storage) and the solid-liquid phase transition of κ-carrageenan (latent heat storage) is proposed first and can be used to prepare the thermo-responsive hydrogel and multi-gradient energy-saving smart window with thermo-response and multimodal thermal energy storage (MGES smart window) quickly without long-term polymerization. The MGES smart window has excellent solar modulation capability (Δ = 82.72% and Δ = 68.65%) together with outstanding specific heat absorption ability ( = 4.2 kJ kg K) and phase transition heat (Δ = 1.23 kJ kg), showing superior energy saving and conserving performance. In demonstrations, the MGES smart windows can reduce the surface and indoor temperature by more than 15 °C and 10.6 °C compared with normal windows. Simulations suggest that they can cut off 45.1% of building energy consumption. To sum up, the MGES smart windows realize multi-aspect adjustment of energy, opening up a new avenue for green buildings.
建筑物，尤其是已安装的窗户，在全球能源消耗中占很大比例。智能窗户的研究趋势倾向于多功能集成，同时实现太阳能调节和热管理。然而，有时一次性的性能切换无法满足需求，因此设计多梯度可调智能窗户尤为重要。首次提出将羟丙基纤维素（HPC）的温度响应光学特性、水的高比热容（显热存储）和κ-卡拉胶的固液相转变（潜热存储）相结合，可用于快速制备具有热响应和多模态热能存储功能的热响应水凝胶和多梯度节能智能窗户（MGES智能窗户），无需长时间聚合。MGES智能窗户具有出色的太阳能调节能力（Δ = 82.72%和Δ = 68.65%）以及出色的比热容吸收能力（ = 4.2 kJ kg K）和相变热（Δ = 1.23 kJ kg），展现出卓越的节能和蓄能性能。在演示中，与普通窗户相比，MGES智能窗户可使表面温度和室内温度分别降低超过15°C和10.6°C。模拟结果表明，它们可削减45.1%的建筑能耗。综上所述，MGES智能窗户实现了能源的多方面调节，为绿色建筑开辟了一条新途径。
