The circadian clock gene BMAL1 modulates autoimmunity features in lupus.

OBJECTIVES

An important pathogenic role for neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been proposed. Neutrophils that lack brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (), one of the clock genes, are defective in aging and proinflammatory responses. We assessed the role of in clinical and immunologic manifestations of murine lupus and in human SLE neutrophils.

METHODS

Myeloid-conditional knockout mice ( ) and wild type (WT) were treated with epicutaneous TLR7/8 agonist (imiquimod; IMQ) for 6 weeks to induce a lupus phenotype. Upon euthanasia, immune responses, autoantibodies and renal manifestations were evaluated. NET formation and gene expression of bone marrow (BM)-derived murine neutrophils were evaluated. expression was quantified in SLE neutrophils and compared with clinical disease.

RESULTS

IMQ-treated and WT displayed comparable systemic inflammation. While renal function did not differ, serum anti-dsDNA levels and renal immune complex deposition were significantly increased in . While no differences were observed in NET formation, expression levels of in BM neutrophils were significantly higher in . Bulk RNA-sequence data showed that BM neutrophils in IMQ-treated were relatively immature when compared with IMQ-treated WT. BM showed an enhanced April protein expression in mice. levels in human SLE peripheral blood neutrophils correlated positively with serum C3 and negatively with serum anti-dsDNA levels.

CONCLUSION

is associated with lower disease activity in SLE. These results indicate that perturbation in the circadian rhythm of neutrophils can have pathogenic consequences in SLE.