Strengthening a Weak Link: Transparency of Causal Loop Diagrams, Current State and Recommendation.

Transparency is a critical aspect of systems science. While transparency of quantitative models has been assessed, transparency of their qualitative structures has been less scrutinized. We assess the transparency of causal loop diagrams (CLDs), a key qualitative visualization tool in system dynamics. We evaluate publications and a sample of most-cited comparable articles in other journals. We assess the inclusion of a plain language methods statement, overall discernibility of the methods, and identification of causal link sources. Reviewing 72 articles (: 36; other journals: 36), only 44%, 38%, and 25% fully satisfy each criterion, respectively. articles are characterized by higher transparency in the clarity of CLD development method and communication of causal link sources, yet the potential for enhancement is evident. We provide specific recommendations to increase the transparency of CLDs. Transparent reporting benefits original research authors, future expansion of CLDs, and the systems science community.