Sterle Haley M, Putz Ellie J, Olsen Steven C, Boggiatto Paola M
National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Ames, IA, United States.
Iowa State University Immunobiology Graduate Program, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 27;11:1491424. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1491424. eCollection 2024.
, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a zoonotic pathogen that contributes to economic losses in the cattle industry and poses a public health risk worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, or BCG, is a live attenuated strain of that is used for human vaccination against tuberculosis and is considered a potential vaccine candidate against bTB. However, BCG affords widely variable levels of protection against challenge and interferes with current diagnostic methods, and as such, it is not currently approved for use as a livestock or wildlife vaccine in the United States. Many efforts have been made to develop bTB vaccines that are reliable and do not interfere with diagnostic testing, but BCG continues to be the most effective option. Previous work has shown that a T helper 1 immune response is essential for protection against virulent infection, characterized by CD4 central and effector memory T cells. In an effort to identify an efficacious bTB intervention strategy, the study presented here used an recall response assay and concurrent evaluation of CD4 T cell proliferation and cytokine production to characterize the surface and functional phenotypes of memory responses to BCG vaccination in cattle. Our findings enhance understanding of the bovine immune response to BCG and provide insights into the development of improved vaccines for the control of bTB.
牛结核分枝杆菌是牛结核病（bTB）的病原体，是一种人畜共患病原体，会给养牛业造成经济损失，并在全球范围内构成公共卫生风险。卡介苗（BCG）是一种减毒活菌株，用于人类结核病疫苗接种，被认为是预防bTB的潜在候选疫苗。然而，卡介苗对攻击的保护水平差异很大，并且会干扰当前的诊断方法，因此，目前在美国它未被批准用作家畜或野生动物疫苗。人们已经做出了许多努力来开发可靠且不干扰诊断测试的bTB疫苗，但卡介苗仍然是最有效的选择。先前的研究表明，辅助性T细胞1免疫反应对于抵抗强毒牛结核分枝杆菌感染至关重要，其特征是CD4中央记忆T细胞和效应记忆T细胞。为了确定一种有效的bTB干预策略，本文的研究使用了牛结核分枝杆菌回忆反应试验以及对CD4 T细胞增殖和细胞因子产生的同步评估，以表征牛对卡介苗接种的记忆反应的表面和功能表型。我们的研究结果增进了对牛对卡介苗免疫反应的理解，并为开发用于控制bTB的改良疫苗提供了见解。
