Healy D L, Laufe L E
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Jan 1;151(1):54-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90423-5.
In April, 1983, a questionnaire was sent to all 144 United States and Canadian members of the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics to survey residency training and current use of obstetric forceps in 1981. One hundred five programs (73%), responsible for at least 283,000 births in 1981, were subsequently analyzed. All training programs used outlet forceps and all programs but one used midforceps for delivery. Hospitals with high cesarean birth rates did not perform significantly fewer midforceps operations. Hospitals with high midforceps rates did not also have high outlet forceps rates nor did these high rates closely reflect the personal attitude to obstetric forceps of the director of the obstetric training program. Simpson's forceps were most commonly used for outlet forceps and occipitoanterior midforceps operations, whereas Kielland's forceps were selected by 76% of programs for rotational midcavity deliveries. Staff obstetricians were the primary instructors of forceps technique in the delivery room in only 50% of United States programs; all Canadian respondents reported the staff obstetrician as the principal educator in obstetric residency forceps training.
1983年4月，一份调查问卷被寄给了美国和加拿大妇产学教授协会的所有144名成员，以调查1981年的住院医师培训情况和产科产钳的当前使用情况。随后对105个项目（占73%）进行了分析，这些项目在1981年至少负责了28.3万例分娩。所有培训项目都使用出口产钳，除了一个项目外，所有项目都使用中位产钳进行分娩。剖宫产率高的医院中位产钳手术的实施数量并没有显著减少。中位产钳使用率高的医院出口产钳使用率并不高，而且这些高使用率也不能很好地反映产科培训项目主任对产科产钳的个人态度。辛普森产钳最常用于出口产钳和枕前位中位产钳手术，而76%的项目选择基兰德产钳用于旋转性中骨盆分娩。在美国，只有50%的项目中，产科主治医生是产房产钳技术的主要指导者；所有加拿大受访者都报告称，产科主治医生是产科住院医师产钳培训的主要教育者。
