Welham R A, Hughes S M
Am J Ophthalmol. 1985 Jan 15;99(1):27-34. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75862-3.
Of 142 children who underwent major lacrimal surgery (160 dacryocystorhinostomies, one congenital fistula excision, one dacryocystectomy, and one canaliculostomy), 49 had congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (34%). Lacrimal obstruction was also associated with canaliculitis, punctal agenesis, trauma, congenital fistula, dacryocystitis, craniofacial defects, and functional eyelid abnormalities. Although the timing and technique of the surgery varied according to the abnormalities, an overall functional success rate of 90% (144 of 160 procedures) was achieved.
在接受泪道大手术的142名儿童中（160例泪囊鼻腔吻合术、1例先天性瘘管切除术、1例泪囊切除术和1例泪小管造口术），49例患有先天性鼻泪管阻塞（34%）。泪道阻塞还与泪小管炎、泪点缺如、外伤、先天性瘘管、泪囊炎、颅面缺陷和功能性眼睑异常有关。尽管手术时机和技术因异常情况而异，但总体功能成功率达到了90%（160例手术中有144例成功）。
