Maqbool Mishal, Farooq Naushin, Shehzadi Iqra, Mushtaq Hafiza Faiza, Maqbool Zain, Hussain Maqbool, Adil Ruhina, Khalil Habib Ur Rehman
Department of Medicine, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 12;16(11):e73539. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73539. eCollection 2024 Nov.
According to WHO, there are around 35 million adults living with HIV/AIDs worldwide. Of these, around 1.5 million are pregnant women. There is a high risk of vertical transmission of HIV infection. Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection is one of the foremost challenges in public health. This study was done to assess the rate of vertical transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 15 years of hospital data from 2008 to 2022 was conducted in the Mother and Child Health Care (MCH) Center, Pakistan Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. The demographic, clinical, and delivery outcomes of the mother were retrieved from hospital records. Data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: A total of 197 pregnant women with HIV/AIDS presented in 15 years. The mean age was 29.5 ± 6.4 years, and the majority was between 21 and 30 years 114 (57.6%). When HIV RNA load was assessed in study women, it was witnessed that 67 (34.1%) had undetectable load while 130 (65.8%) had detectable viral load. A significant linear trend of increase in rates of women with HIV in pregnancy was noted from 2008 (3.0%) to 2022 (15.7%). Vertical transmission of HIV was found in two (1.0%) of study cases. Conclusion: The linear trend of increase in HIV in pregnancy was noted. The rate of vertical transmission was found to be 1%. It proves the role of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) therapy in reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mothers to babies.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球约有3500万成年人感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病。其中，约150万是孕妇。艾滋病毒感染存在很高的垂直传播风险。预防艾滋病毒感染的母婴传播是公共卫生领域最主要的挑战之一。本研究旨在评估在三级医疗机构就诊的孕妇中艾滋病毒感染的垂直传播率。方法：对伊斯兰堡巴基斯坦健康科学研究所母婴保健中心2008年至2022年15年的医院数据进行回顾性分析。从医院记录中检索母亲的人口统计学、临床和分娩结局。数据在SPSS 22.0软件（IBM公司，纽约州阿蒙克）中进行分析。结果：15年间共有197名感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的孕妇就诊。平均年龄为29.5±6.4岁，大多数在21至30岁之间，有114人（57.6%）。在对研究对象的女性进行艾滋病毒RNA载量评估时，发现67人（34.1%）的载量检测不到，而130人（65.8%）的病毒载量可检测到。从2008年（3.0%）到2022年（15.7%），孕期感染艾滋病毒的女性比例呈显著的线性上升趋势。在2例（1.0%）研究病例中发现了艾滋病毒的垂直传播。结论：注意到孕期艾滋病毒感染呈线性上升趋势。垂直传播率为1%。这证明了高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）在降低艾滋病毒从母亲传播给婴儿风险方面的作用。
