Galappaththi Mahesh C A, Dunstan William A, Hardy Giles E St J, McComb Jen, McHenry Mark P, Zambonelli Alessandra, Burgess Treena I
School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
Mycorrhiza. 2024 Dec 13;35(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s00572-024-01177-1.
Truffles are possibly the only high-value cultivated organisms for which some aspects of the habit and life cycle have only recently been elucidated or remain unknown. Molecular techniques have helped explain the biological basis for some traditional empirical management techniques, such as inoculating soil with ascospores to improve yield, and have enhanced the detection of competitive or pathogenic soil microorganisms. Improved precision of assessment of the quality of inoculated seedlings is now possible. New knowledge of the genetic structure of populations has indicated that as trees age, the genotypes of mycorrhizae on inoculated trees change, and that there are large differences in the number of female and male genotypes participating in ascocarp formation. The plasticity of Tuber species has also been revealed, with maternal genotypes growing as an ectomycorrhiza in host tree roots and as surface mycelium or an endophyte in roots of adjacent non-mycorrhizal species. Refinement of management techniques has resulted from applying the new information, and the tools are now available to resolve the many outstanding gaps in our knowledge of Tuber biology.
松露可能是唯一一种具有高价值的栽培生物，其习性和生命周期的某些方面直到最近才得以阐明，或者仍不为人所知。分子技术有助于解释一些传统经验管理技术的生物学基础，比如用子囊孢子接种土壤以提高产量，并且增强了对竞争性或致病性土壤微生物的检测。现在有可能提高对接种幼苗质量评估的精度。种群遗传结构的新知识表明，随着树木年龄的增长，接种树木上菌根的基因型会发生变化，而且参与子实体形成的雌性和雄性基因型数量存在很大差异。块菌属物种的可塑性也已被揭示，母本基因型在寄主树木根系中以外生菌根的形式生长，而在相邻非菌根物种的根系中则以表面菌丝体或内生菌的形式生长。应用这些新信息使得管理技术得以完善，现在已有工具来填补我们在块菌生物学知识方面的许多突出空白。
