Obara-Gołębiowska Małgorzata, Przybyłowicz Katarzyna Eufemia, Danielewicz Anna, Sawicki Tomasz
Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Clinical, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 13;19(12):e0314942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314942. eCollection 2024.
The causes of obesity and overweight are complex and depend on mutually interrelated groups of lifestyle, psychological and genetic factors. Among 46 identified point mutations known within FTO gene, mutation SNP rs9939609 has the strongest effect on an increase in body weight. Therefore, the study aimed to assess psychological, lifestyle and genetic factors (expressed by the frequency of the FTO SNP rs-9939609 gene variant) and their association with body weight in young adult women.
We genotyped FTO rs9939609 SNP in cheek swabs collected from 49 women aged 18-35, equally with and without overweight and obesity. Eating behaviour was defined based on the Questionnaire of Eating-Related Behaviors (QERB) and physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Classical anthropometric indices and the body composition analysis results measured by bioelectrical impedance were used to characterise nutritional status.
Overweight/obese participants had significantly higher body composition parameters than normal-weight participants, along with lower physical activity levels and more time spent sitting. Overweight/obese women presented significantly higher scores in emotional overeating, habitual overeating, and dietary restrictions, indicating more problematic eating behaviors compared to normal-weight individuals. No significant differences were observed in BMI, lifestyle factors, or eating behaviors across FTO gene variants (AA, AT, and TT). However, the TT and AT FTO gene variant groups showed significant positive correlations between habitual overeating and key measures of body weight (BMI, WC, and FM). In contrast, the AA variant group exhibited fewer associations between psychological and lifestyle factors with body weight.
Psychological and lifestyle factors, particularly overeating behaviors, were more strongly associated with increased body weight in women with the TT and AT variants of the FTO SNP rs-9939609 gene, highlighting the potential influence of genetic predisposition on eating habits and weight status in this population. Proper eating habits and high physical activity play an important role in preventing overweight and obesity regardless of the genotype that poses a potential risk of weight gain. The study's findings bring practical implications for health education and health psychology.
肥胖和超重的成因复杂，取决于生活方式、心理和遗传因素等相互关联的因素组。在已确定的FTO基因内的46个点突变中，突变SNP rs9939609对体重增加的影响最强。因此，本研究旨在评估心理、生活方式和遗传因素（以FTO SNP rs-9939609基因变体的频率表示）及其与年轻成年女性体重的关联。
我们对从49名年龄在18至35岁的女性脸颊拭子中提取的FTO rs9939609 SNP进行基因分型，这些女性中体重正常、超重和肥胖的人数相等。根据饮食相关行为问卷（QERB）定义饮食行为，通过国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）定义体力活动。使用经典人体测量指标和生物电阻抗测量的身体成分分析结果来表征营养状况。
超重/肥胖参与者的身体成分参数显著高于体重正常的参与者，同时体力活动水平较低，坐着的时间更多。超重/肥胖女性在情绪性暴饮暴食、习惯性暴饮暴食和饮食限制方面的得分显著更高，表明与体重正常的个体相比，她们的饮食行为问题更多。在FTO基因变体（AA、AT和TT）之间，BMI、生活方式因素或饮食行为方面未观察到显著差异。然而，TT和AT FTO基因变体组显示习惯性暴饮暴食与体重的关键指标（BMI、腰围和体脂肪量）之间存在显著正相关。相比之下，AA变体组在心理和生活方式因素与体重之间的关联较少。
心理和生活方式因素，特别是暴饮暴食行为，与FTO SNP rs-9939609基因的TT和AT变体女性体重增加的关联更强，突出了遗传易感性对该人群饮食习惯和体重状况的潜在影响。无论基因型如何，良好的饮食习惯和高体力活动在预防超重和肥胖方面都起着重要作用，而某些基因型可能存在体重增加的潜在风险。该研究结果对健康教育和健康心理学具有实际意义。
