Nagdy Yosra Adel Ebrahim, Nabil Zohour Ebrahim, El-Shenawy Nahla Soliman, Elkhawass Elham Ali
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Exp Parasitol. 2025 Jan;268:108876. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108876. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
This study presents a comprehensive methodology for the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for their anthelmintic properties against Trichinella spiralis. SeNPs were synthesized via a chemical reduction method, with a color change from clear white to brownish-red indicating nanoparticle formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed broad peaks at 2θ ranges of 20-33° and 48-58°, confirming the semi-crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy identified a characteristic peak at around 295 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed spherical, monodispersed SeNPs with smooth surfaces, ranging from 30 to 106 nm in size, with an average diameter of 69 nm. Forty-two male rats were divided into six groups, including healthy controls and T. spiralis-infected rats treated with varying doses of SeNPs. Body and organ weight indexes were assessed at the start, during the intestinal and muscular phases. Significant body weight increases were observed during the intestinal phase, particularly in the positive control group. Organ weight analysis showed a significant decrease in liver weight in the high-dose SeNP group compared to controls. SeNP treatment significantly reduced the number of adult worms in the intestines and encysted larvae in muscles. The high-dose group reduced adult worms and encysted larvae more than the low-dose group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed morphological alterations in adult T. spiralis worms, including wrinkled architecture, torn cuticles, and severe sloughing in high-dose treated worms. During the muscular phase, significant decreases in hemoglobin and red blood cell count were observed in the positive control group, while SeNP treatment restored these levels. Liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) were elevated in infected untreated groups but were enhanced with SeNP treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, and SOD) increased in SeNP-treated groups, with higher doses showing greater efficacy in reducing oxidative stress markers (MDA) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, and IL-6). Histological analysis showed significant restoration of normal intestinal architecture in high-dose SeNP-treated infected rats, including the reduction of villus atrophy and leukocyte infiltration. In diaphragm muscles, high-dose SeNP treatment minimized encysted larval deposition and restored normal muscle architecture. We can conclude that the study demonstrates the potential of SeNPs as an effective anthelmintic agent against T. spiralis, highlighting their synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy.
本研究提出了一种综合方法，用于合成、表征和评估具有抗旋毛虫驱虫特性的硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）。通过化学还原法合成SeNPs，颜色从清澈的白色变为棕红色表明纳米颗粒形成。X射线衍射（XRD）分析显示在2θ范围为20 - 33°和48 - 58°处有宽峰，证实了纳米颗粒的半结晶性质。紫外 - 可见吸收光谱在约295 nm处鉴定出一个特征峰。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）显示表面光滑的球形、单分散SeNPs，尺寸范围为30至106 nm，平均直径为69 nm。42只雄性大鼠分为六组，包括健康对照组和用不同剂量SeNPs治疗的旋毛虫感染大鼠。在肠道期和肌肉期开始时及期间评估体重和器官重量指数。在肠道期观察到体重显著增加，特别是在阳性对照组。器官重量分析显示，与对照组相比，高剂量SeNP组的肝脏重量显著降低。SeNP治疗显著减少了肠道内成虫数量和肌肉内包囊幼虫数量。高剂量组比低剂量组更能减少成虫和包囊幼虫。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示旋毛虫成虫的形态改变，包括高剂量治疗组蠕虫的皱纹结构、表皮撕裂和严重脱落。在肌肉期，阳性对照组的血红蛋白和红细胞计数显著降低，而SeNP治疗恢复了这些水平。感染未治疗组的肝酶活性（AST、ALT和ALP）升高，但SeNP治疗使其增强。SeNP治疗组的抗氧化酶活性（CAT和SOD）增加，较高剂量在降低氧化应激标志物（MDA）和炎症标志物（TNF - α和IL - 6）方面显示出更大的功效。组织学分析显示，高剂量SeNP治疗的感染大鼠肠道结构显著恢复正常，包括绒毛萎缩和白细胞浸润减少。在膈肌中，高剂量SeNP治疗使包囊幼虫沉积最小化并恢复了正常肌肉结构。我们可以得出结论，该研究证明了SeNPs作为一种有效的抗旋毛虫驱虫剂的潜力，突出了它们的合成、表征和治疗效果。
