Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Parasitol Res. 2021 Jul;120(7):2641-2658. doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07172-1. Epub 2021 May 4.
Ivermectin (IVM) is one of the competitive treatments used for trichinellosis. However, several studies linked its efficacy with early diagnosis and administration to tackle the intestinal phase with limited activity being recorded against encysted larvae. The aim of this study was to employ niosomes for enhancing effectiveness of oral IVM against different stages of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection with reference to nano-crystalline IVM. Mice were randomized into four groups: group Ι, 15 uninfected controls; group ΙΙ, 30 infected untreated controls; group ΙΙΙ, 30 infected nano-crystalline IVM treated, and group ΙV, 30 infected niosomal IVM treated. All groups were equally subdivided into 3 subgroups; (a) treated on the 1 day post infection (dpi), (b) treated on the 10 dpi, and (c) treated on the 30 dpi. Assessment was done by counting adult worms and larvae plus histopathological examination of jejunum and diaphragm. Biochemical assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status, angiogenic, and inflammatory biomarkers in intestinal and muscle tissues was also performed. Both niosomes and nano-crystals resulted in significant reduction in adult and larval counts compared to the infected untreated control with superior activity of niosomal IVM. The superiority of niosomes was expressed further by reduction of inflammation in both jejunal and muscle homogenates. Biochemical parameters showed highly significant differences in all treated mice compared to infected untreated control at different stages with highly significant effect of niosomal IVM. In conclusion, niosomal IVM efficacy exceeded the nano-crystalline IVM in treatment of different phases of trichinellosis.
伊维菌素（IVM）是旋毛虫病的一种竞争性治疗药物。然而，几项研究将其疗效与早期诊断和治疗联系起来，以应对肠道阶段，对囊包幼虫的活性记录有限。本研究旨在通过脂质体增强口服 IVM 对不同阶段旋毛虫感染（T. spiralis）的有效性，并参考纳米晶 IVM。将小鼠随机分为四组：第 Ι 组，15 只未感染的对照；第 ΙΙ 组，30 只感染未治疗的对照；第 ΙΙΙ 组，30 只感染纳米晶 IVM 治疗的对照；第 ΙV 组，30 只感染脂质体 IVM 治疗的对照。所有组均等分为 3 个亚组；（a）感染后第 1 天（dpi）治疗，（b）感染后第 10 天（dpi）治疗，（c）感染后第 30 天（dpi）治疗。通过计数成虫和幼虫以及对空肠和膈膜的组织病理学检查进行评估。还对肠道和肌肉组织中的氧化应激/抗氧化状态、血管生成和炎症生物标志物进行了生化评估。脂质体和纳米晶体都导致成虫和幼虫数量显著减少，与未治疗的感染对照组相比具有更好的活性。脂质体 IVM 的优越性还通过减少空肠和肌肉匀浆中的炎症进一步表达。与不同阶段未治疗感染对照组相比，所有治疗组的生化参数在不同阶段均有高度显著差异，脂质体 IVM 的效果非常显著。总之，脂质体 IVM 在治疗旋毛虫病的不同阶段的疗效优于纳米晶 IVM。
