Chen Kun, Cao Xuetao
State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100005 Beijing, China.
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jan;46(1):29-45. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.11.010. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation. Innate immunity is essential to host defense against infections, but pathogens also harbor sophisticated mechanisms to evade host defense. The formation of biomolecular condensates emerges as a key biophysical mechanism in host-pathogen interactions, playing pivotal roles in regulating immune responses and pathogen life cycles within the host. In this review we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how biomolecular condensates remodel membrane-bound organelles, influence infection-induced cell death, and are hijacked by pathogens for survival, as well as how they modulate mammalian innate immunity. We discuss the implications of dysregulated formation of biomolecular condensates during host-pathogen interactions and infectious diseases and propose future directions for developing potential treatments against such infections.
生物分子凝聚物是通过液-液相分离形成的无膜细胞器。天然免疫对于宿主抵御感染至关重要，但病原体也拥有复杂的机制来逃避宿主防御。生物分子凝聚物的形成成为宿主-病原体相互作用中的关键生物物理机制，在调节免疫反应和病原体在宿主体内的生命周期中发挥着关键作用。在本综述中，我们总结了近期在理解生物分子凝聚物如何重塑膜结合细胞器、影响感染诱导的细胞死亡、被病原体劫持以存活，以及它们如何调节哺乳动物天然免疫方面取得的进展。我们讨论了宿主-病原体相互作用和传染病期间生物分子凝聚物形成失调的影响，并提出了开发针对此类感染的潜在治疗方法的未来方向。
