Ma Xinyu, Li Pilong, Ge Liang
State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing, 100084, China.
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Jun;33(6):505-516. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.006. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless compartments formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. They can phase transit into gel-like and solid states. The amount and state of biomolecular condensates must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular function. Autophagy targets biomolecular condensates to the lysosome for degradation or other purposes, which we term biocondensophagy. In biocondensophagy, autophagy receptors recognize biomolecular condensates and target them to the autophagosome, the vesicle carrier of autophagy. Multiple types of autophagy receptors have been identified and they are specifically involved in targeting biomolecular condensates with different phase transition states. The receptors also organize the phase transition of biomolecular condensate to facilitate biocondensophagy. Here, we briefly discuss the latest discoveries regarding how biomolecular condensates are recognized by autophagy receptors.
生物分子凝聚物是通过液-液相分离形成的无膜区室。它们可以相转变为凝胶状和固态。生物分子凝聚物的数量和状态必须受到严格调控以维持正常的细胞功能。自噬将生物分子凝聚物靶向溶酶体进行降解或用于其他目的，我们将此称为生物凝聚物自噬。在生物凝聚物自噬中，自噬受体识别生物分子凝聚物并将其靶向自噬体，即自噬的囊泡载体。已鉴定出多种类型的自噬受体，它们专门参与靶向具有不同相转变状态的生物分子凝聚物。这些受体还组织生物分子凝聚物的相转变以促进生物凝聚物自噬。在此，我们简要讨论关于自噬受体如何识别生物分子凝聚物的最新发现。
