Brown Gregory A, Shaw Brandon S, Shaw Ina
Physical Activity and Wellness Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Science, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA.
School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jan;25(1):e12241. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12241. Epub 2024 Dec 14.
There is an ongoing debate regarding the necessity for sex-segregated sports particularly in youth. However, there has been minimal evaluation of prepubertal sex-based differences in the events of shot put, javelin throw, and long jump. Therefore, the top eight performances from the USA Track and Field National Youth Outdoor Championships and National Junior Olympic Championships during the years 2016-2023 for shot put, javelin throw, and long jump in the 8-and-under and 9-10-year-old age groups were analyzed for sex-based differences. The 8-and-under males threw the shot put farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 0.922) than females by 19.3% and the 9-10-year-old males threw the shot put farther (P = 0.016 and Hedges' g = 0.332) than females by 6.5%. The 8-and-under males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.269) than females by 32.6% and 9-10-year-old males threw the javelin farther (P < 0.0001 and Hedges' g = 1.169) than females by 23.5%. The 8-and-under males long jumped farther (P = 0.010 and Hedges' g = 0.359) than females by 4.7% and 9-10-year-old age males long jumped farther (P = 0.007 and Hedges' g = 0.552) than females by 3.9%. The average between sex differences were larger than the within sex differences between the first through fourth place finishers in all but 9-10-year-old shot put. In all events, the greatest individual distance for a male exceeded that for a female. Therefore, the present data indicate that, in elite competition, males in the 8-and-under and 9-10-year-old age groups typically performed long jump and throw the shot put and javelin farther than females of the same age.
关于体育项目按性别分类的必要性，尤其是在青少年群体中，一直存在着争论。然而，对于青春期前在铅球、标枪和跳远项目中基于性别的差异，评估极少。因此，分析了2016年至2023年期间美国田径全国青少年室外锦标赛和全国少年奥林匹克锦标赛中8岁及以下和9至10岁年龄组铅球、标枪和跳远项目中排名前八的成绩，以研究基于性别的差异。8岁及以下男性铅球投掷距离比女性远19.3%（P < 0.0001，Hedges' g = 0.922），9至10岁男性铅球投掷距离比女性远6.5%（P = 0.016，Hedges' g = 0.332）。8岁及以下男性标枪投掷距离比女性远32.6%（P < 0.0001，Hedges' g = 1.269），9至10岁男性标枪投掷距离比女性远23.5%（P < 0.0001，Hedges' g = 1.169）。8岁及以下男性跳远成绩比女性远4.7%（P = 0.010，Hedges' g = 0.359），9至10岁男性跳远成绩比女性远3.9%（P = 0.007，Hedges' g = 0.552）。除了9至10岁铅球项目外，所有项目中性别之间的平均差异都大于第一名至第四名完赛者的性别内差异。在所有项目中，男性的个人最佳成绩均超过女性。因此，目前的数据表明，在精英比赛中，8岁及以下和9至10岁年龄组的男性在跳远、铅球和标枪项目中的表现通常比同龄女性更好。
