Dutta Somenath, Ghosh Rohan, Dasgupta Ishita, Sikdar Purbita, Santra Priyasa, Maity Debjit, Pritam Manisha, Lee Sun Gu
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry, India.
Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry, India; Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jan 27;146:113813. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113813. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of the monkeypox (Mpox) disease, belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Due to the recent re-emergence of Mpox in 2024, this is the second time when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This review intends to offer an in-depth analysis of Mpox, including its key characteristics, epidemiological, mutation, pathophysiology, transmission, and therapeutics. The infection of MPXV is a lethal threat to children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. However, we can prevent the infection by proper precautions including hygiene practices and minimizing exposure to infected individuals or animals. Multivalent mRNA vaccines, antibody-based immunotherapy, and combination drug therapies have all shown significant effectiveness in treating Mpox infection. In addition to addressing antivirals and drug resistance, the review also explores potential targets for vaccine and drug development, as well as the use of animal models for studying MPXV. Because of multiple mutational events, Mpox began exhibiting drug resistance. Overall, this review will contribute significantly to advancing the development of new vaccines and drug options for combating emerging Mpox.
猴痘病毒（MPXV）是猴痘（Mpox）疾病的病原体，属于痘病毒科正痘病毒属。由于2024年猴痘再次出现，这是世界卫生组织（WHO）第二次宣布猴痘为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）。本综述旨在对猴痘进行深入分析，包括其关键特征、流行病学、突变、病理生理学、传播和治疗方法。MPXV感染对儿童、孕妇和免疫功能低下的个体构成致命威胁。然而，我们可以通过适当的预防措施来预防感染，包括卫生习惯以及尽量减少接触受感染的个体或动物。多价mRNA疫苗、基于抗体的免疫疗法和联合药物疗法在治疗猴痘感染方面均显示出显著效果。除了探讨抗病毒药物和耐药性外，本综述还探索了疫苗和药物开发的潜在靶点，以及用于研究MPXV的动物模型。由于多次突变事件，猴痘开始表现出耐药性。总体而言，本综述将为推进对抗新出现的猴痘的新疫苗和药物选择的开发做出重大贡献。
