RB functions as a key regulator of senescence and tumor suppression.

The Retinoblastoma (RB) protein is crucial for regulating gene transcription and chromatin remodeling, impacting cell cycle progression, cellular senescence, and tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible growth arrest and phenotypic alterations, serves as a vital barrier against tumor progression and age-related diseases. RB is crucial in mediating senescence and tumor suppression by modulating the RB-E2F pathway and cross talking with other key senescence effectors such as p53 and p16. The interplay between RB-mediated cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence offers critical insights into tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic strategies. Leveraging RB-mediated senescence presents promising opportunities for cancer therapy, including novel approaches in tumor immunotherapy designed to enhance treatment efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in the RB signaling pathway, focusing on its roles in cellular senescence and tumor suppression, and discusses its potential to improve tumor management and clinical outcomes.