Ibayashi Megumi, Tsukamoto Satoshi
Laboratory Animal and Bioresource Sciences Section National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan.
Kato Ladies Clinic Shinjuku-ku Tokyo Japan.
Reprod Med Biol. 2024 Dec 15;23(1):e12618. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12618. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles consisting of a central core of neutral lipids covered by a single layer of phospholipids and are found in most eukaryotic cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that LDs not only store neutral lipids but also coordinate with other organelles for lipid metabolism within cells.
This review focuses on the synthesis of LDs during follicular development and highlights the factors involved in the regulation of LD biogenesis within the ovary.
In the mammalian ovary, the presence of LDs has long been recognized mainly by morphological analysis. However, their distribution in the ovary varies according to the region and cell type; for example, LDs are abundant in the medulla, which has a rich blood vessel network, in interstitial cells, which are the site of steroid production, and surrounding growing follicles, while they are poor in granulosa cells within follicles. LDs are also enriched in the corpus luteum after ovulation and massively accumulate in atretic follicles during follicular growth. Furthermore, LD synthesis is synchronized with angiogenesis during follicular development.
Addressing the functional link between LD biogenesis and angiogenesis is essential for understanding the molecular basis underlying LD biology, as well as the ovarian dysfunction with metabolic disorders.
脂滴（LDs）是一种细胞器，由中性脂质的中央核心和单层磷脂覆盖组成，存在于大多数真核细胞中。越来越多的证据表明，脂滴不仅储存中性脂质，还与细胞内其他细胞器协同进行脂质代谢。
本综述聚焦于卵泡发育过程中脂滴的合成，并强调了卵巢内脂滴生物合成调控的相关因素。
在哺乳动物卵巢中，长期以来主要通过形态学分析来识别脂滴的存在。然而，它们在卵巢中的分布因区域和细胞类型而异；例如，脂滴在髓质（具有丰富血管网络）、间质细胞（类固醇产生部位）以及生长卵泡周围丰富，而在卵泡内的颗粒细胞中则较少。排卵后黄体中脂滴也很丰富，在卵泡生长过程中闭锁卵泡内大量积累。此外，在卵泡发育过程中，脂滴合成与血管生成同步。
阐明脂滴生物合成与血管生成之间的功能联系对于理解脂滴生物学的分子基础以及伴有代谢紊乱的卵巢功能障碍至关重要。
